溶解性微生物产物在GO/PVDF杂化膜面的污染行为

为了解析溶解性微生物产物（SMP）在GO/PVDF杂化膜面的污染特性,对膜片进行了宏观污染实验,并采用耗散石英微晶天平（QCM-D）从微观角度分析了SMP在自制镀膜芯片上的吸附规律和污染层结构变化.结果表明,GO含量为0.5wt%的膜污染恢复率最高（79.95%）,抗污染能力最强.QCM-D实验发现,GO含量为0wt%镀膜芯片表面SMP吸附量最大,污染较为严重.膜片亲水性越强,吸附频率变化越小,抗污染能力越强.此外,GO含量为0.5wt%镀膜芯片表面的污染物结构比较疏松和柔软,其他膜表面的污染物结构较为坚硬和致密.     

Phosphorus utilization and microbial community in response to lead/iron addition to a waterlogged soil

Constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable option for helping to solve a wide range of water quality problems. However, heavy metals adsorbed by substrates would decrease the growth of plants, impair the functions of wetlands and eventually result in a failure of contaminant removal. Typha latifolia L., tolerant to heavy metals, has been widely used for phytoremediation of Pb/Zn mine tailings under waterlogged conditions. This study examined e ects of iron as ferrous sulfate (100 and 500 mg/kg) and lead as lead nitrate (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on phosphorus utilization and microbial community structure in a constructed wetland. Wetland plants (T. latifolia) were grown for 8 weeks in rhizobags filled with a paddy soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that both the amount of iron plaque on the roots and phosphorus adsorbed on the plaque decreased with the amount of lead addition. When the ratio of added iron to lead was 1:1, phosphorus utilized by plants was the maximum. Total amount of phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs) was 23%–59% higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and methane oxidizing bacteria was also higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil, but opposite was observed for other bacteria and fungi. Based on cluster analysis, microbial communities were mostly controlled by the addition of ferrous sulfate and lead nitrate in rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively.     

苯酚微生物降解的正交实验研究

利用以苯酚为碳源的驯化液,对某焦化厂曝气池活性污泥进行驯化,经过分离、筛选,挑选出4株高效的苯酚降解菌,编号为h32a2、b31B、h31A和b41a,并通过菌落形态特征、简单染色及生理生化反应初步鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),依据正交实验确定了优势菌群降解苯酚的最佳条件为温度32℃,pH值7.5,菌培养时间16 h,接种量1%。     

一种快腐菌剂在堆肥制作中的应用研究

在接种和未接种条件下,研究了一种菌剂YD-KFI对堆肥制作效果.结果发现,接种该菌剂加快堆肥升温速度、提高最高温度、延长高温维持时间;堆肥制作的升温期和高温期,接种菌剂分别促进了淀粉、可溶性糖和粗纤维等物质的降解,加快了堆肥的腐熟进程.采用PCR-DGGE方法,分析该菌剂对堆肥制作不同阶段微生物群落的影响,发现在堆肥制...     

土壤中微生物及其环境效益的浅析

关于土壤微生物活性,已经成为目前土壤方面研究的热点问题。有些学者曾经对微生物在土壤环境中的作用表示怀疑,他们过分强调物理化学作用在土壤形成和土壤环境效应中的作用,而忽视微生物的研究。随着土壤学研究的深入,关于土壤成因、土壤生产力和环境现象已经越来越复杂,单纯依靠物理和化学的知识已经无法解释某些复杂的实验现象,现在必须依靠微生物来解释某些现象。本文将对土壤微生物在土壤研究中的作用进行简述,同时分析土壤环境变化对微生物数量和活性的影响,并简述一些微生物研究的进展。     

地下渗滤基质中微生物空间分布与污水净化效果

利用混菌法和稀释法,测定了稳定运行的地下渗滤系统不同深度的基质中微生物数量,并对其与污水净化效果进行了相关性分析.结果表明,不同空间位置的基质中微生物数量不同;不同月份基质中微生物数量变化不大;基质中微生物数量与COD、TN、NH₄⁺-N 去除率有显著的相关性,说明微生物的作用是其主要去除途径;但基质微生物数量与TP 的去除率相关性不显著,说明TP 去除与微生物基本无关.     

温度对膜生物反应器运行特性及膜污染的影响

温度对膜生物反应器（MBR）污染物去除效果和膜污染速率都有很大的影响。采用两套相同的MBR蓑置在冬季运行,其中一套维持20℃的恒温,另一套水温与周围环境相同。对两套装置处理效果及膜污染速率进行对比,并通过反应器中溶解性微生物产物（SMF）、胞外聚合物（EPS）含量、污泥粒径分布扣膜面污染物的比较,分析温度对MBR运行的影响。研究结果表明膜对污染物的截留能有效补偿低温时微生物作用的不足,因此低温对出水水质并没有显著的影响。此外,低温时虽然SMP和EPS的释放增加,但并没有引起膜污来的加剧。相反地,低温时污泥粒径较高温时小,而粒径较大的颗粒更易沉积于膜表面,因此低温时膜面固体物质含量较低,膜污染速率反而比高温时低。     

多粘类芽孢杆菌GA1所产絮凝剂的絮凝性能研究及机理探讨

采用正交絮凝、粒度检测及电镜扫描考察了多粘类芽孢杆菌GA1所产絮凝剂（MBFGA1）对高岭土溶液、土壤悬浊液、洗煤废水及垃圾渗滤液4种废水的絮凝性能,并利用蒽酮试验和红外光谱对絮凝剂成分进行了初步鉴定.在正交絮凝实验获得的最佳絮凝条件下,絮凝剂对高岭土溶液、土壤悬浊液、洗煤废水和垃圾渗滤液的絮凝率分别高达99.53%、99.50%、98.2%和75.60%,絮体沉降速度分别为0.03 m/s、0.025 m/s、0.025 m/s和0.005 m/s;土壤悬浊液中颗粒絮凝后平均粒径增大且大于10　μm,其余３种废水中颗粒平均粒径减小且小于10　μm;电镜扫描结果显示,絮凝前后废水颗粒的形态均从棱角分明转变为包埋的无棱角;EDTA、HCl以及尿素检验发现4种颗粒与絮凝剂分子间靠离子键结合;蒽酮反应及红外光谱结果显示该絮凝剂为含有较多羟基及羧基等官能团的多糖大分子.实验结果表明絮凝剂对高颗粒物浓度废水有很好的处理效果,其絮凝机理主要是吸附架桥作用.     

不同填料负载微生物去除地表水氨氮的研究

氨氮浓度过高是黑臭水体难以治理的重要原因之一.本研究比较了经活性污泥驯化的菌株与市售硝化菌液两种不同菌剂分别在有机填料聚丙烯纤维和无机填料沸石上的挂膜特性,考察了不同挂膜填料性质、填料粒径、源水pH值等因素对氨氮去除效果的影响,并通过高通量测序解构不同填料生物膜的微生物群落差异,探究填料负载微生物的生物膜法去除氨氮的综...     

Heavy metal availability and impact on activity of soil microorganisms along a Cu/Zn contamination gradient

All the regulations that define a maximum concentration of metals in the receiving soil are based on total soil metal concentration. However, the potential toxicity of a heavy metal in the soil depends on its speciation and availability. We studied the effects of heavy metal speciation and availability on soil microorganism activities along a Cu/Zn contamination gradient. Microbial biomass and enzyme activity of soil contaminated with both Cu and Zn were investigated. The results showed that microbial biomass was negatively affected by the elevated metal levels. The microbial biomass-C （Cmic）/organic C （Corg） ratio was closely correlated to heavy metal stress. There were negative correlations between soil microbial biomass, phosphatase activity and NH4NO3 extractable heavy metals. The soil microorganism activity could be predicted using empirical models with the availability of Cu and Zn. We observed that 72% of the variation in phosphatase activity could be explained by the NH4NO3-extractable and total heavy metal concentration. By considering different monitoring approaches and different viewpoints, this set of methods applied in this study seemed sensitive to site differences and contributed to a better understanding of the effects of heavy metals on the size and activity of microorganisms in soils. The data presented demonstrate the relationship between heavy metals availability and heavy metal toxicity to soil microorganism along a contamination gradient.