固定化果胶酶抑制铜绿微囊藻生长研究

为证实固定化果胶酶抑制蓝藻生长的作用,在实验室条件下,以铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）为受试藻种,用共培养法观察了固定化果胶酶对藻细胞群体的作用、用电镜观察了共培养后藻细胞的损伤状况,测定了对其生理生化特征的影响.结果表明固定化果胶酶与藻共培养液第3 d明显黄化,且黄化程度与固定化果胶酶的用量和培养时间呈正相关系;电镜照片显示固定化果胶酶对藻细胞有损伤作用,轻微损伤的藻细胞出现质壁分离,表面粗糙、凸凹不平,形状不规则,严重损伤的藻细胞表面发生深度皱缩或细胞结构完全解体;随着固定化果胶酶与铜绿微囊藻共培养时间的延长,藻细胞生长量、叶绿素a含量显著降低,表明藻细胞受到胁迫和伤害,藻细胞正常的光合作用受到严重影响.丙二醛（MDA）值显示藻细胞抗氧化防御体系被破坏,细胞内发生严重膜脂过氧化.固定化果胶酶能有效抑制铜绿微囊藻细胞的生长,铜绿微囊藻生长抑制率可高达96%.     

三峡库区大宁河枯水期藻细胞的时空分布

本研究旨在为三峡库区大宁河藻华预警提供基础数据,于2011年4～9月期间在大宁河流域选择4个取样点开展藻细胞时空变化研究.藻细胞在时间序列表现为:4～9月,藻种主要以蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻为主,藻密度呈逐步递增趋势;在此期间4个取样点的蓝藻比重均逐步增大,硅藻比重逐步降低,绿藻比重变化不显著.藻细胞在空间分布上表现为:藻密度与水温和叶绿素呈极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.97和0.95,与光照、溶解氧、pH值和可溶性磷盐呈显著相关,相关系数分别为0.87、0.83、0.82、0.82;菜子坝在整个试验期间0 m处藻密度比其他水层的藻密度高,白水河在6月和7月的2.0 m处藻密度最高,双龙在7、8和9月的0 m和2.0 m处藻密度较高,大昌在整个试验期间,藻密度变化不大;不同藻细胞在垂向水层中的比重也随时间的变化而改变,可能是不同藻细胞适合不同生态环境所致.     

温度和盐度对条纹环沟藻(Gyrodinium instriatum)生长的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了温度和盐度对条纹环沟藻(Gyrodinium instriatum)生长的影响。在28个温度(15～30℃)和盐度(0～35)组合中,条纹环沟藻在20℃和盐度25下生长最好。适宜生长温度为20～25℃,盐度为20～25。在适宜的盐度下,藻细胞对高/低温度的忍耐能力增强,同样适宜温度也可促进藻细胞对高/低盐度的抵抗能力。条纹环沟藻不能在无盐环境生长,但在适温下(20～25℃),能在盐度为10的条件下生长。研究结果说明条纹环沟藻是一种广盐生物,能适应较低的盐度,这也是其赤潮多在低盐的河口海域发生的重要原因。     

光照强度和光照周期对赤潮异弯藻生长的影响

以赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)为实验对象,在光照强度分别为3 000 lx和12 000 lx下,设置24 L∶0 D、18 L∶6 D、12 L∶12 D、6 L∶18 D和0 L∶24 D 5组不同的光照周期,测定赤潮异弯藻的生长情况。结果表明,当光照强度为3 000 lx时,赤潮异弯藻会持续9～14 d的生长,然后生长进入衰退期。当光照强度为12 000 lx时,赤潮异弯藻会持续16～20 d的生长,之后生长进入衰退期。并且,无论是光照强度为3 000 lx还是12 000 lx,当光照周期为18 L∶6 D时,都最有利于赤潮异弯藻的生长;而当光照周期为0 L∶24 D时,赤潮异弯藻几乎不生长。     

藻量对湖泊富营养化监测指标的影响探讨

对滇池外海藻量较为集中的区域,用塑料薄膜围一封闭的水体,避免水量交换。在水面下分3层（0.5m、1.0m、1.5m）进行不同采样点和不同水深的水质监测,得出藻类在水中的纵向分布规律。通过进行滤除藻前、后水样的分析,发现藻类的存在会导致水样监测结果偏高。在此基础上对富营养化水体监测应注意的问题进行了分析与讨论。     

优势硅藻和定鞭金藻不同生长阶段光合色素比值变化

基于高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术分析了8种定鞭金藻、2种硅藻在对数生长期的光合色素组成,比较了中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、路氏巴夫藻(Pavlova lutheri)和湛江叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria zhanjiangensis)在不同生长阶段主要光合色素组成和比值的变化。实验结果表明:8种定鞭金藻根据光合色素19’-已酰基氧化岩藻黄素的存在与否可分为两类,其中不含19’-已酰基氧化岩藻黄素的定鞭金藻与硅藻光合色素组成相似。通过对比不同生长阶段的样品发现稳定期硅藻(中肋骨条藻)中叶绿素c1+c2,岩藻黄素、硅甲藻黄素与总叶绿素a比值显著高于它们在定鞭金藻(路氏巴夫藻、湛江叉鞭金藻)中与叶绿素a的比值(P<0.05),并且随培养时间延长而增大,而路氏巴夫藻、湛江叉鞭金藻中叶绿素c1+c2,岩藻黄素、硅甲藻黄素与总叶绿素a比值则一直维持在较低水平。该结果可以作为基于CHEMTAX软件的化学分类法的依据,以提高定量分析硅藻和定鞭金藻的准确性。     

营养盐水平对念珠藻胞外有机物产生的影响

以我国湖泊典型固氮蓝藻发状念珠藻(Nostoc flagelliforme)为研究对象,考察了氮、磷营养盐对发状念珠藻生长特性及其胞外有机物产生的影响.采用藻细胞浓度计数法表征发状念珠藻生长特性;分别采用溶解性有机碳(DOC)、三维荧光光谱(EEM)和紫外-可见光谱法,从总量和主要物质方面分析了发状念珠藻胞外有机物的产生规律.结果表明,在不同氮、磷营养水平下,发状念珠藻的4个关键生长时期基本相同,氮是控制发状念珠藻生长的关键营养控制要素;氮营养元素浓度的增高,有利于发状念珠藻产生胞外有机物,其产生量逐渐增大,而磷营养元素浓度的增高对胞外有机物产生量贡献较小,氮营养盐是发状念珠藻产生胞外有机物的关键限制因子;通过EEM谱图分析,发状念珠藻胞外有机物主要以类氨基酸类物质和类富里酸物质为主.以磷为控制营养盐时,类富里酸是主要的胞外有机物之一,以氮为控制营养盐时,类富里酸产生量极低;作为主要的胞外有机物,蛋白质和碳水化合物的产生规律显著不同,其中蛋白质含量显著高于碳水化合物含量.     

Competition of bloom-forming marine phytoplankton at low nutrient concentrations

Competition of three bloom-forming marine phytoplankton (diatom Skeletonema costatum, and dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum and Alexandrium tamarense) was studied through a series of multispecies cultures with di erent nitrate (NaNO3) and phosphate (NaH2PO4) levels and excess silicate to interpret red tide algae succession. S. costatum outgrew the other two dinoflagellates in nitrate and phosphate replete cultures with 10 mol/L Na2SiO3. Under nitrate limited (8.82 mol/L NaNO3) conditions, the growth of S. costatum was also dominant when phosphate concentrations were from 3.6 to 108 mol/L. Cell density of the two dinoflagellates only increased slightly, to less than 400 and 600 cells/mL, respectively. Cell density of S. costatum decreased with time before day 12, and then increased to 4000 cells/mL (1.5 mg/L dry biomass) at NaNO3 concentrations between 88.2 and 882 mol/L with limited phosphate (0.36 mol/L NaH2PO4) levels. In addition, P. minimum grew well with a maximal cell density of 1690–2100 cells/mL (0.5–0.6 mg/L dry biomass). Although S. costatum initially grew fast, its cell density decreased quickly with time later in the growth phase and the two dinoflagellates were dominant under the nitrate-limited and high nitrate conditions with limited phosphate. These results indicated that the diatom was a poor competitor compared to the two dinoflagellates under limited phosphate; however, it grew well under limited nitrate when growth of the dinoflagellates was near detection limits.     

Efficacy of natural biocide on control of microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines mediated by Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas

We compared the efficacy of a natural biocide with four chemical tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, to control microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines. The efficacy of biocides were monitored against Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas in experimental pipes by measuring cell counts, H2S production, Fe(II) production, production of extracellular polymeric substances and structure of biofilm. The treatment with cow urine had minimum planktonic cell counts of 3 102 CFU/mL as well as biofilm cell counts of 9 101 CFU/mL as compared with tetrakishydroxyl methyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Sulfide production was the lowest with cow urine (0.08 mmol/L), followed by tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate 0.72 mmol/L. On day 90 of treatment, Fe(II) production was also found to be the lowest with cow urine. The scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that the biofilm bacteria were killed by cow urine. These results demonstrate the cow urine mediated control of microbially induced corrosion, and this is indicative of its potential as a viable substitute of toxic biocides. To the best of our knowledge, this seems to be the first report which screens possible biocidal activity by cow urine as compared to the most common biocides which oil industry is currently using.     

两种抗生素对塔玛亚历山大藻生长和产毒的影响

论文以中国南海筛选的一株塔玛亚历山大藻Alexandrium tamarense C101为研究对象,研究了两种抗生素,氨苄青霉素(ampicillin,Amp)和新霉素(neomycin,Nm)对A.tamarense C101细胞生长、形态以及毒素含量的影响.结果表明:和空白对照组相比,经1 500μg/mL Nm...