四效蒸发处理小麦淀粉／谷朊粉生产高浓度有机废水

采用四效蒸发处理小麦淀粉／谷朊粉生产高浓度有机废水，回收废水中的有机物作为饲料，不仅能够使废水达标排放，而且能够提高生产线的总体经济效益，在废水治理中实现“变废为宝”。     

铁炭法处理高浓度难降解表面活性剂废水的研究

就铁炭法对高浓度难降解拉开粉（阴离子表面活性剂）废水的处理效果进行了接近工业化的动态模型实验研究，结果表明酸化铁炭工艺对橡胶工业拉开粉废水具有显著的去除效果。在Fe：C=2：1，pH=4，停留时间60min，曝气量0．1m^3／h时，拉开粉（BX）和COD的总去除率分别约为80％和45％。     

不同改良剂对铜矿尾矿砂的改良效果研究

研究了用蒙脱石、稻草和鸡粪作为改良剂对铜矿尾矿砂有效养分、有效态重金属含量、pH值以及对尾矿砂上黑麦草生长的影响。结果表明：（1）蒙脱石可显著提高尾矿砂对铵态氮的保留能力；（2）施肥可降低尾矿砂的pH值，施用鸡粪可使尾矿砂pH值下降约1个单位，而添加蒙脱石和稻草对尾矿砂pH值未产生明显影响；（3）添加蒙脱石可使尾矿砂中铜、锌的有效态含量降低，而添加稻草和鸡粪则使其有效态重金属含量增高;(4）随改良剂添加量的增加，蒙脱石和鸡粪处理组黑麦草吸收铜、锌的量减少而稻草处理组则增加；（5）3种改良剂可明显影响尾矿砂上黑麦草的生长状况。     

Effect of different pearling times on the quality of hull-less barley rice北大核心CSCD

Hull-less barley is a special food crop rich in various nutrients in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Six-pearling is often used to produce commercial hull-less barley rice in order to improve its rough taste and inferior cooking quality. This study evaluated the differences in the nutritional, cooking, sensory, and storage qualities of hull-less barley rice with different pearling times to obtain suitable processing conditions for the production of high-quality hull-less barley rice. With increasing pearling time, the contents of vitamin B6, vitamin E, dietary fiber, iron, zinc, phenols, and flavonoids significantly decreased to a large extent, protein and vitamin B3 decreased slightly, the contents of total starch and β-glucan increased significantly, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) initially increased and then decreased. The peak, trough, and final viscosity of whole grain barley were 1 860.50 cP, 914.50 cP, and 2 150.00 cP, respectively, and increased after six-pearling to 4 219.00 cP, 2 628.00 cP, and 5 074.00 cP, respectively. At the same time, the water absorption and volume expansion of the pearled hull-less barley increased significantly. The hardness of pearled hull-less barley reduced from 4 708.50 g to 2 282.00 g, its adhesiveness increased from 0.00 to -7.33, and its taste and sensory quality exhibited better. The activities of α-amylase, polyphenol oxidase, lipase, and catalase in pearled hull-less barley slightly decreased. Hull-less bran flour is rich in a variety of nutritional components and could be a potential resource with great developmental value. In general, hull-less barley rice obtained from three-pearling has high nutritional value, high cooking quality, low enzyme activity, and low energy consumption; therefore, it can be used to produce high-quality barley rice. This study provides important information for high-quality pearled hull-less barley and further utilization of barley bran flour. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物与氟橡胶造型粉的绝热分解

为研究高能钝感材料2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物(ANPyO)与氟橡胶造型粉的热分解特性和热稳定性,利用绝热加速量热仪测试其在绝热条件下的热分解过程,获得了热分解的升温速率、温度和压力等随时间的变化关系及升温速率、压力随温度的变化曲线。结果表明,绝热分解开始前有一个缓慢的吸热升温过程,绝热分解过程主要有3个放热反应阶段,其中第二阶段升温速率升降幅度较大,为主要的热分解阶段。绝热分解反应的表观活化能、指前因子和反应热分别为358.87 kJ/mol、3.374×1027min-1和685.62 J/g。造型粉初始分解温度高达290.6℃,具有良好的热稳定性。     

南京粉质粘土与粉砂互层土及粉细砂的抗液化性能试验研究

南京粉质粘土与粉砂互层土为粉质粘土与粉细砂交互沉积,呈现“千层饼”状外貌;南京粉细砂是一种以片状颗粒成分为主的粉细砂,与通常的圆形颗粒石英砂有一定区别,片状颗粒成分使得南京粉细砂具有各向异性的性质。通过南京粉质粘土与粉砂互层土及粉细砂对比液化试验,对其试验成果进行分析,从中发现:无论是偏压固结还是均压团结,当固结压力α_2=100 kPa时,南京粉质粘土与粉砂互层土的液化剪应力比比南京粉细砂的大得多;而当固结压力α_2=200kPa时,两种土的液化剪应力比相当接近。因而,对于重大工程应该慎重考虑它们的液化可能性。     

浅议硅粉回收利用与企业烟气治理建议

通过阐述污染治理是企业发展的需要 ,综合介绍硅铁烟气治理及硅粉回收利用技术 ,结合青海实际 ,提出了加速烟气治理的建议。     

牡蛎壳粉和石灰改良酸性水稻土对磷有效性、形态和酶活性的影响

我国南方粮食主产区土壤酸化治理是提升耕地地力促进粮食增产的重要内容,目的是探究酸化土壤改良剂牡蛎壳粉和石灰对水稻土酸度、磷有效性和形态以及酶活性和相关功能基因的影响.盆栽试验设计2种改良剂的3个施用量（0.05%、0.10%和0.15%）,以水稻为试验作物.结果表明：①牡蛎壳粉和石灰均显著提高土壤pH,降低土壤交换性酸,且改良效果随着改良剂用量增加而提高,相同用量下石灰对土壤酸性的改良效果高于牡蛎壳粉;② 4种有效磷提取剂提取的土壤有效磷测定结果表明,牡蛎壳粉和石灰显著提高H₂SO₄-P、Bray-1 P和Olsen-P含量,其中Olsen-P含量随改良剂用量的增加而提高.③土壤中不同形态无机磷含量表现为：Fe-P>Al-P>Ca-P,石灰和牡蛎壳粉显著提高Al-P和Fe-P含量,分别提高26.3%~37.4%和7.9%~23.7%;0.15%改良剂显著增加Ca-P含量;④石灰和牡蛎壳粉对土壤DHA、ALP、IPP活性和phoD基因拷贝数具有提高作用,而对土壤ACP活性、phoC和pqqC拷贝数表现为降低;⑤改良剂（0.10%和0.15%）显著提高水稻产量,0.15%用量的石灰和牡蛎壳粉分别提高水稻产量34.2%和46.8%,但对秸秆生物量无显著影响.相关分析表明,土壤无机磷和有效磷含量与pH和ALP活性呈显著正相关,改良剂通过消除土壤酸化和提高土壤磷酸酶活性来改善土壤磷营养状况,这对促进作物产量具有积极作用.