守望黄河源区保护中华水塔

黄河源区正面临气候变化和人类活动导致的生态环境和资源可持续利用问题。本刊记者通过参加黄河十年行2011年度媒体考察活动,得以亲身观察和记录了一些东西,应该说,母亲河隐忧不少。所幸,保护她的努力一直在继续。     

Nitrogen cycle of a typical Suaeda salsa marsh ecosystem in the Yellow River estuary

The nitrogen (N) biological cycle of the Suaeda salsa marsh ecosystem in the Yellow River estuary was studied during 2008 to 2009. Results showed that soil N had significant seasonal fluctuations and vertical distribution. The N/P ratio (15.73±1.77) of S. salsa was less than 16, indicating that plant growth was limited by both N and P. The N absorption coefficient of S. salsa was very low (0.007), while the N utilization and cycle coefficients were high (0.824 and 0.331, respectively). The N turnover among compartments of S. salsa marsh showed that N uptake from aboveground parts and roots were 2.539 and 0.622 g/m2, respectively. The N translocation from aboveground parts to roots and from roots to soil were 2.042 and 0.076 g/m2, respectively. The N translocation from aboveground living bodies to litter was 0.497 g/m2, the annual N return from litter to soil was far less than 0.368 g/m2, and the net N mineralization in topsoil during the growing season was 0.033 g/m2. N was an important limiting factor in S. salsa marsh, and the ecosystem was classified as unstable and vulnerable. S. salsa was seemingly well adapted to the low-nutrient status and vulnerable habitat, and the nutrient enrichment due to N import from the Yellow River estuary would be a potential threat to the S. salsa marsh. Excessive nutrient loading might favor invasive species and induce severe long-term degradation of the ecosystem if human intervention measures were not taken. The N quantitative relationships determined in our study might provide a scientific basis for the establishment of effective measures.     

特别数字

长江每年被灌污水超300亿吨 长江流域水资源保护局有关负责人近日表示表示,虽然排污量在逐年增大,但排污量增速正在变缓、污染物增幅不大。目前长江干流86％河段水质优于或符合国家地表水三类水标准,对长江的水质不用过分担忧。根据长江流域水资源保护局最新数据,去年长江排污量达到339亿吨。     

镜头

<正>山西黄河湿地天鹅飞翔2014年1月13日发布的第二次全国湿地资源调查结果显示:近10年间,我国湿地保护面积增加了525.94万公顷,湿地保护率由30.49%提高到43.51%。图为三只天鹅在山西省平陆黄河湿地上空飞翔。     

田桂荣

<正>田桂荣——河南省新乡市一名普通的农村妇女。从种地的农妇到"电池大王"再到"公益楷模",她用70余吨废旧电池的回收经历,诠释了一种执著,一个奇迹。为了环保事业,她游走在民间,这给她带来了荣誉,也令她陷入困境。这个只上过八年学的农村妇女,是以怎样的精神,一步一步将环保进行到底的呢?     

阿什河干流(道外香坊段)防洪及河道生态治理工程生态影响分析简述

通过分析阿什河干流生态环境现状,进行工程建设对生态环境的影响分析,并提出了相应的生态保护措施和建议。     

塔里木河干流农田排水资源化研究

近几十年经表明,农田排水对塔里木河干流水质盐化的影响不断加重。在塔里木河干流,农田排水资源化利用有如下几个有利条件：⑴农田排水有一定数量且渠网的延伸和改造难度不大;⑵荒漠可作为农田排水资源化利用的场所;⑶农田排水仍可勉强适于耐盐植物生长。根据区域不同利用农田排水拓展乔灌草防沙带、增加盐成土荒漠耐盐植被的盖度、使人工绿洲边缘的荒漠能够生长耐盐植物等都是农田排水资源化利用发展的方向。     

黄河源区生态破坏现状及保护对策

黄河源区自然条件严酷,生态环境脆弱。随着黄河源区资源开发力度逐步加大,草场和灌丛植被遭到不同程度的破坏,生态环境日趋恶化。因此,保护黄河源区生态环境,建立黄河源头特殊生态功能保护区刻不容缓。     

塔里木河干流农田排水资源化研究

近几十年分析资料对比表明 ,农田排水对塔里木河干流水质盐化的影响不断加重。在塔里木河干流 ,农田排水资源化利用有如下几个有利条件 :( 1)农田排水有一定数量且渠网的延伸和改造难度不大 ;( 2 )荒漠可作为农田排水资源化利用的场所 ;( 3)农田排水仍可勉强适于耐盐植物生长。根据区域不同 ,利用农田排水拓展乔灌草防沙带、增加盐成土荒漠耐盐植被的盖度、使人工绿洲边缘的荒漠能够生长耐盐植物等都是农田排水资源化利用发展的方向     

黄河上游羊曲水电站对土著鱼类的影响与保护

河流具有供水、发电、调节气候等重要功能,是生态服务功能正常发挥的重要保障。通过建立三维数学模型对羊曲河道进行水动力模拟,分析羊曲建库后水位、流速的变化以及对鱼类栖息地的影响。结果表明:羊曲建库后,水位高程变化幅度0~0. 3m,流速明显变缓。对于土著鱼类,羊曲坝下(龙羊峡库尾回水变动段)将可能形成产卵场;库区内的浅水区将成为新的索饵场;羊曲水电站至班多坝下段黄河干流中越冬场也将会增加。