First-trimester maternal serum biochemical indicators in Down syndrome

A set of 21 early maternal serum samples (19 first-trimester and two at 14 weeks) from pregnancies resulting in a child with Down syndrome was matched for gestation and length of storage with 63 samples from unaffected pregnancies. The concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), unconjugated oestriol (uE₃), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), pregnancy-specific β₁–glycoprotein (SP₁), and placental alkaline phosphatase (PALP) were measured. The ratios of the medians for Down syndrome pregnancies compared with the medians for controls were AFP 0·71, uE₃ 0·67, hCG 1·43, SP₁ 0·79, and PALP 0·92. Although the differences between the medians for affected and unaffected pregnancies were not significant, the trends for AFP, uE₃, and hCG confirm earlier findings on first-trimester samples.     

A diagnostic experiment of the influence of CO2 on winter wheat

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Transfer kinetics of phenol between aqueous phase and N,N-di(1-methyl-heptyl) acetamide in kerosene

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｓｏｌｖｅｎｔｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｆｏｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｈｉｇｈｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｐｈｅｎｏｌ(Ｋｏｒｅｍａｎ,1978;Ｌａｎｏｕｅｔｔ?..     

用灰色系统理论对乌鲁木齐市大气降水pH值进行预测分析

运用灰色系统理论建立灰色模型ＧＭ，对该模型进行了检验和残差修正。并用其模型分析和预测乌鲁木齐市１９９４＝１９９８年大气降水ｐＨ值。     

PM2.5暴露对肺AQP1表达的影响研究

为研究肺水通道蛋白1（AQP1）在PM_2.5暴露引起肺损伤中的作用,本文首先在细胞水平上检测了PM_2.5暴露对肺上皮细胞A549的细胞存活率、细胞AQP1的mRNA和蛋白表达变化,以及AQP1在细胞内的表达定位的影响.另外,将10只雄性SD大鼠随机分为2组：对照组和PM _2.5染毒组（1.5 mg·kg^-1体重）,每组5只,采用气管滴注法染毒,每隔1 d染毒1次,共2周,制备PM_2.5暴露大鼠模型,进一步观察PM_2.5暴露对大鼠肺AQP1表达及肺组织损伤的影响情况.结果显示,PM_2.5暴露可引起肺上皮细胞A549形态异常和存活率降低.PM_2.5暴露后的24 h内A549细胞的AQP1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平先升高,并在暴露后的12 h内达到最高水平,然后有所下降;免疫荧光结果也证实AQP1蛋白在PM_2.5暴露后表达水平升高,并呈现从细胞质向细胞膜定位的过程;用PM_2.5暴露处理SD大鼠肺组织中AQP1表达亦显著增加,并且肺组织出现肺泡隔增厚,并有广泛的水肿充血及炎症细胞浸润.总之,PM_2.5暴露可诱导A549细胞及大鼠肺组织内AQP1的表达升高,可能参与PM_2.5暴露引起的肺病理性损伤过程.     

北京城市塑料垃圾年产量的模拟预测及其影响因素分析

揭示城市塑料垃圾年产量及影响因素、预测其发展趋势对于城市生活垃圾收集系统的优化、处理技术的合理选择和降低环境影响具有重要意义.本研究基于1989年以来北京塑料垃圾占比、城市生活垃圾产量数据和社会经济数据,利用赤池信息量准则（AIC）和灰关联度法研究了北京城市塑料垃圾占比的年变化趋势和城市塑料垃圾年产量的主要影响因素.通过多元线性回归模型（MLR）、灰色系统模型GM（1,1）和BP神经网络模型对北京城市塑料垃圾年产量进行了模拟预测.结果表明,北京城市塑料垃圾占比由1989年的1.88%,增加到2012年的14.87%.基于AIC准则预测2013—2050年北京城市塑料垃圾占比增长趋势较平缓、稳定在14%~19%之间.2000—2012年北京市城市塑料垃圾年产量由40.2×10⁴ t增加到121.1×10⁴ t,年增长15.5%.人均可支配收入是影响北京城市塑料垃圾年产量的最大社会经济因素,而常住人口的影响较低.BP神经网络是模拟预测北京城市塑料垃圾产量的最佳模型,其模拟预测结果表明：2013年后北京市塑料垃圾年产量随时间呈不规则的非线性增长趋势,到2025、2035、2050年北京城市塑料垃圾产量将分别达到335、488和859×10⁴ t,将对北京城市生活垃圾处理处置与防控管理带来巨大挑战.     

El Niño‐Southern Oscillation,rainfall variability and sustainable agricultural development in the Ho Municipality,Ghana

El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which occurs in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean, has been identified to have significant influence on rainfall variability throughout the world, especially in the tropics. Such variability in rainfall has implications for agrarian economies, such as that in Ghana. This study therefore sought to demonstrate the effect of ENSO‐induced variability in annual and seasonal rainfall on the development of sustainable agriculture in the Ho Municipality of Ghana. Using 61 years of monthly rainfall data (1955–2015) for the Ho Municipality and ENSO indices, this study showed that 15% of the variability in total annual rainfall is explained by the ENSO phenomena. Mean annual rainfall and rainfall in the major rainy season decreased for El Niño years, in addition to a more variable rainfall compared to that received in La Niña years. The major growing season was observed to be longer in La Niña years and shorter in El Niño years. This means that the potential for crop cultivation will be severely hampered in an El Niño year. Farmers within the municipality are therefore encouraged to harness other complementary water sources for farming activities and also employ water management strategies during El Niño years.     

对天然气水合物预防管理保障安全生产的研究

为了保障陆上气田冬季天然气安全生产,防止因天然气水合物导致安全事故,采用鱼骨图法对陆上气田天然气水合物产生的原因进行系统分析。分析显示,导致天然气水合物产生的根本原因,出现在天然气产能建设和日常生产管理各环节,以及单井、输气管道和集气站各生产场所,为防止天然气水合物产生,针对原因采用5W1H法进行管理,从而达到对冬季天然气生产主要安全风险进行有效控制的目标。     

嗜吡啶红球菌GF3降解1-氨基蒽醌-2-磺酸的特性

从受溴氨酸污染的泥土中分离出1株蒽醌染料中间体1-氨基蒽醌-2-磺酸(简称ASA-2)降解菌株GF3.经形态学观察和16S r DNA序列分析,鉴定该菌株为嗜吡啶红球菌.研究了该菌对ASA-2脱色的特性,并利用液相-质谱联用仪初步分析了ASA-2降解终产物.研究结果表明,外加蛋白胨、酵母膏和水解酪蛋白均能促进ASA-2的生物脱色,其中蛋白胨促进作用最为明显.进一步的研究发现多种氨基酸可加速ASA-2的生物脱色过程,其中L-亮氨酸促进效果最好.ASA-2脱色的最适环境条件为p H 8.0、30℃和150 r·min~(-1).最适条件下,菌株GF3可使108 mg·L-1的ASA-2在30 h内脱色率达95%以上,TOC去除率为62%.紫外-可见波谱显示,当ASA-2水溶液由红色褪成无色时,ASA-2的特征吸收峰完全消失,并在340 nm产生了新峰.进一步分析发现,ASA-2降解终产物质荷比为260,初步推测产物为3-氨基-4-磺酸基邻苯二甲酸.此外,菌株GF3还可以降解溴氨酸、蒽醌-2-磺酸钠和蒽醌-2-羧酸.     

Anthropogenic areas as incidental substitutes for original habitat

One speaks of ecological substitutes when an introduced species performs, to some extent, the ecosystem function of an extirpated native species. We suggest that a similar case exists for habitats. Species evolve within ecosystems, but habitats can be destroyed or modified by natural and human‐made causes. Sometimes habitat alteration forces animals to move to or remain in a suboptimal habitat type. In that case, the habitat is considered a refuge, and the species is called a refugee. Typically refugee species have lower population growth rates than in their original habitats. Human action may lead to the unintended generation of artificial or semiartificial habitat types that functionally resemble the essential features of the original habitat and thus allow a population growth rate of the same magnitude or higher than in the original habitat. We call such areas substitution habitats and define them as human‐made habitats within the focal species range that by chance are partial substitutes for the species’ original habitat. We call species occupying a substitution habitat adopted species. These are 2 new terms in conservation biology. Examples of substitution habitats are dams for European otters, wheat and rice fields for many steppeland and aquatic birds, and urban areas for storks, falcons, and swifts. Although substitution habitats can bring about increased resilience against the agents of global change, the conservation of original habitat types remains a conservation priority.