LHG1菌株的分离和降解环己烷的研究

通过选择性培养从石油废水污染的土壤中分离出一株以环己烷为唯一碳源和能源的降解菌株 Ｌ Ｈ Ｇ１ ,对 Ｌ Ｈ Ｇ１ 菌株的降解特性进行了研究．确定 Ｌ Ｈ Ｇ１ 菌株最适培养条件为：培养时间６０ ～１００ ｈ 、环己烷浓度４６０ ～７７０ ｍｇ／ Ｌ、ｐ Ｈ６ ～８ 、ρ（ Ｎａ Ｃｌ） ＝ １０ ｇ Ｌ－ １ 、θ＝ ２５ ～４０ ℃． Ｌ Ｈ Ｇ１ 菌株能够利用环烷烃代谢的中间产物环己酮和环戊酮．此外, Ｌ Ｈ Ｇ１ 菌株还能降解液体石蜡、固体石蜡、萘和苯酚等链烃、芳香烃和酚类     

北京市不同功能区人体接触多环芳烃的生化指标——人尿中1-羟基芘的水平

本文报告北京市不同功能区人尿中1-羟基芘的测定结果,自身对照和群体测定均显示出采暖期与非采暖期的显著差别以及不同功能区样品的差异.尿中1-羟基芘的浓度以焦化厂为最高,为其它各区的4—25倍,依次为工业区、商业区、居民区和对照区,证明用尿中1-羟基芘作为人体接触环境中多环芳烃的一个生物化学指标是可行的.     

超声/过一硫酸盐氧化泛影酸钠的效果和中间产物毒性

采用超声（Ultrasound,US）催化过硫酸氢钾（Potassium peroxymonosulfate,PMS）对离子型碘代X射线造影剂-泛影酸钠（Sodium diatrizoate,DTZ）进行氧化降解,考察反应温度、初始pH的影响,分析US/PMS氧化DTZ过程中的主要活性物质和中间产物,并采用毒理基因组学评估DTZ氧化过程中的毒性变化.结果表明,US/PMS对DTZ具有显著的氧化效果,与单独US、PMS相比,反应60 min,降解效率分别提高了18.5和1.6倍.DTZ的降解率随温度（15~45℃）的升高而升高,降解过程遵循准一级反应动力学,反应活化能E_a=21.98 kJ·mol^-1;pH=3.21和9.16~11.05时,DTZ的降解率较高.自由基抑制结果和EPR分析表明,O₂^-·和¹O₂是US/PMS氧化DTZ的主要活性物质.反应过程中IO₃^-和I₂的生成量随DTZ降解率升高而增大.HPLC/MS/MS共检测出10种产物,其中3种为脱碘产物.基因毒理组学分析表明,DTZ毒性随反应的进行逐渐增强.     

基于吡啶甲基萘酰亚胺的水中痕量铁检测方法研究

合成了一种新型的荧光分子探针N-(2-吡啶甲基)-1,8-萘酰亚胺(PMN),研究了其在环境水样中痕量铁离子的检测应用.结果表明,该方法选择性好,灵敏度高,操作简便,且常见金属离子不干扰测定.Fe3+浓度在1×10-7~8×10-5mol/L范围内,荧光强度与其浓度呈良好的线性关系.方法用于自来水、井水、生活污水中痕量铁的测定,回收率在95.78%~104.02 %之间.     

Proposed Conservation Landscape for Giant Pandas in the Minshan Mountains,China

Abstract: The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), is one of the world's most endangered species. Habitat loss and fragmentation have reduced its numbers, shrunk its distribution, and separated the population into isolated subpopulations. Such isolated, small populations are in danger of extinction due to random demographic factors and inbreeding. We used least‐cost modeling as a systematic approach to incorporate satellite imagery and data on ecological and behavioral parameters of the giant panda collected during more than 10 years of field research to design a conservation landscape for giant pandas in the Minshan Mountains. We identified 8 core habitats and 4 potential linkages that would link core habitats CH3, CH4, and CH5 with core habitats CH6, CH7, and CH8. Establishing and integrating the identified habitats with existing reserves would create an efficient reserve network for giant panda conservation. The core habitats had an average density of 4.9 pandas/100 km² and contained approximately 76.6% of the giant panda population. About 45% of the core habitat (3245.4 km²) existed outside the current nature reserves network. Total estimated core habitat decreased between 30.4 and 44.5% with the addition of residential areas and road networks factored into the model. A conservation area for giant panda in the Minshan Mountains should aim to ensure habitat retention and connectivity, improve dispersal potential of corridors, and maintain the evolutionary potential of giant pandas in the face of future environmental changes.     

Imidacloprid residues in fruits,vegetables and water samples from Palestine

The aim of this work was to report on imidacloprid [IUPAC name 1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine] residues in some vegetables, fruits, and water samples collected from the West Bank, Palestine, in 1998 and 1999. Imidacloprid and its derivatives in the study samples were extracted by methanol/water and oxidized into 6-chloronicotinic acid and subsequently derivatized into 6-chloronicotinic acid trimethylsilyl ester before being determined by GC/MS. Imidacloprid residues were detected in more than half of the analyzed samples. The highest and lowest imidacloprid concentrations were found in eggplant (0.46 mg/kg) and green beans (0.08 mg/kg), respectively. An increase of 11–120% in imidacloprid concentration in the 1999 samples was observed when compared with those of 1998. This may suggest imidacloprid accumulation in the soil and/or increased use by local farmers. The imidacloprid residue concentrations in several crops were found to exceed the CODEX maximum residue limit.     

CdI42-·Fe(phen)32+离子对1,2-二氯乙烷萃取光度法测定水中痕量镉的研究

研究萃取光度法测定痕量Cd的最佳实验条件,结果表明,λ_max=512nm,ε=2.42×10⁶L·mol^-1·cm^-1,相对标准偏差为2.6%(自来水)和3.1%(河水).水样中Cd的含量在0-1μg/25ml范围内服从比尔定律。应用于自来水及河水中Cd的测定,结果令人满意。     

一株聚丙烯酰胺降解菌降解聚丙烯酰胺及原油性能研究

以聚丙烯酰胺为能源和碳源从油田采出水中分离到一株菌,根据其生理生化特性分析及生长试验,该株菌被鉴定为假单胞菌属PD 1菌株.对该菌的性能进行了评价,证明该菌能够在含原油、聚丙烯酰胺的水环境中生长,并对原油和聚丙烯酰胺具有降解作用.化学分析表明,在细菌的降解下,原油物性发生改变,姥鲛烷 nC17和植烷 nC18以及∑C-22和(C21+21 ∑C+C22)/(C28+C29)的比值明显增加,原油部分分解为丙酸、烯酸、十六烷酸;同时,聚丙烯酰胺的分子结构受到破坏,粘度降低,相对分子量由原来的1×107变为1×105～1×106,分子链上的酰胺基水解成羧基.     

A/O法活性污泥系统计算机模拟研究

介绍了以活性污泥 1号模型 (ASM1 )和固体通量沉淀模型为基础 ,结合反应器原理 ,用VB6 .0计算机语言建立A/O法活性污泥模拟器的方法 ,探讨了A/O法活性污泥系统的模拟工艺流程、各组分的物料平衡关系和欧拉法数值积分的步长选取等问题。模拟器的校准结果表明 ,该模拟器建立的思路和方法完全正确 ,可以用于A/O法活性污泥系统的模拟和预测。     

活性污泥处理系统的计算机模拟

介绍了以活性污泥1号模型(ASMI)和固体通量沉淀模型为基础．结合反应器原理．用VB6．0计算机语言建立城市污水活性污泥模拟器的方法,探讨了生物反应器和二沉池的模拟工艺流程、各组分的物料平衡关系和欧拉法数值积分的步长选取等问题。模拟器的校准结果表明,该模拟器建立的思路和方法是可靠的．可以用于城市污水生物处理系统的模拟和预测。