CBERS-1在森林资源调查与评价中的应用

以辽宁省抚顺地区为例,采用3S（GPS,RS,GIS）技术,以中巴地球资源卫星（CBERS-1）和美国陆地卫星TM（Landsat TM）遥感信息为基础数据源,提取森林资源信息进行卫星遥感解译,为地区森林资源动态监测和保护提供技术方法和依据。     

上海春季大气PM_1分布特征

利用2015年春季(3月—5月)上海地区9个大气成分站在线观测获得的地面PM_1质量浓度数据,研究该地区PM_1浓度时空分布特征。结果表明,上海地区各站PM_1污染浓度水平总体较高,整个上海地区的PM_1小时平均浓度为26.3μg?m~(-3),最大值为126.4μg?m~(-3),最小值为2.4μg?m~(-3);各站PM_1浓度的日变化分布表现为峰值类型和峰值时间不一;各站PM_1三个主要粒径段的质量浓度比值均有一定的差异,其中东滩PM_1比例最大,宝山最小;上海春季PM_1的浓度逆周末效应,可能是由于春季气象条件周期性影响。     

基于环境小卫星反演地表温度以及与实测数据的比较与分析

地表温度（Land Surface Temperature,LST）在地表与大气能量交换中扮演着重要角色,是地表过程分析和模拟的关键参数。随着卫星遥感技术的发展,利用遥感反演地表温度的方法不断出现,如劈窗法（SW）、双角度法(DA)和单通道算法（SC）等。针对HJ-1B星波段特点,选择太湖及其周边区域为研究区,利用地面实测水温数据,对Jiménez-Muoz单通道算法和覃志豪单窗算法的反演精度进行了对比和敏感性分析。结果表明：Jiménez-Muoz单通道算法较覃志豪单窗算法精度稍高,更加接近实测水温数据,但是Jiménez-Muoz单通道算法的敏感性高于覃志豪单窗算法的敏感性,且Jiménez-Muoz单通道算法只适用于一定的水汽含量范围,有一定的局限性。     

稳定代谢葡萄糖和木糖产乙醇的重组酿酒酵母工程菌初步构建

分别克隆了休哈塔假丝酵母(Candida shehatae)的木糖还原酶基因XYL1和热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)的木糖醇脱氢酶基因XYL2,构建出重组表达质粒pACT2-xy11和pDR195-xy12,并使其分别转化酿酒酵母受体细胞.酶活测定结果显示,转化子中木糖还原酶和木糖醇脱氢酶均在宿主菌中得到活性表达.并将这两个基因连同各自重组表达质粒上的表达元件进行了克隆,进而构建出重组酵母染色体整合质粒YIp5.kanR-x12,以期今后通过同源重组的原理将上述基因整合到发酵性能良好的酿酒酵母基因组中,得到稳定代谢葡萄糖和木糖产乙醇的重组酵母菌株.图3表1参15     

硝基多环芳烃的正辛醇—水分配系数

用摇瓶法测定了九种硝基多环芳烃的正辛醇-水分配系数,研究发现用Leo碎片法可以较好地估算NO_2-PAHs化合物的正辛醇-水分配系数。在正辛醇-水分配系数(K_(ow))与水溶解度(S)之间建立了相关方程: lgK_(ow)=-0.925lgS-0.00697(mp-25)+4.164(S用mg/l表示时); lgK_(ow)=-0.885lgS-0.00727(mp-25)+4.815(S用mol/m~3表示时)。     

A Pilot Study on Using Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene Biomarker for Exposure to PAHs in Beijing

To study whether the urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) could be the biomarker of atmospheric PAHs, a small-scale pilot study was carried out on the relation of 1-OHP vs PAHs with the traffic policemen in Beijing of smokers and nonsmokers to be subgroups in both the exposure and control groups. Both the PAHs and 1-OHP were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ambient concentrations of PAHs were different at the different sites (the average sum of PAHs (TPAH) were 12.36, 16.27, 18.37 ng/m³ at the suburban residential, police station and high traffic area, respectively.), but considerably lower than the personal-exposure concentrations (the average TPAH were 65.84 and 47.28 ng/m³ for patrol cars and inspection station, respectively). Pyrene was correlated well with BaP and the summed PAHs (TPAH), with the correlation coefficients (R) of 0.79, 0.87 for ambient level and 0.92, 0.96 for personal exposure, respectively. The average of 1-hydroxypyrene of smokers and nonsmokers were 0.39, 0.15 μmol/mol creatinine in control group and 0.57, 0.33 μmol/mol creatinine in exposure group, respectively. The better correlation of pyrene to BaP and TPAH especially for personal exposure samples indicated that the probability of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, the metabolite of pyrene, to be the biomarker of total PAH. Nonsmokers in the exposure and control groups had indistinguishable levels of 1-OHP, presumably because the ambient levels of pyrene were so similar (the average were 3.25, 3.20 ng/m³ at the police station and high traffic area, respectively.). Smokers in the control group had significantly higher 1-OHP than that of the nonsmokers, but showed indistinguishable differences in the exposure group. These results suggested that urinary 1-OHP could be a biomarker of PAHs only when the level of PAHs was at a relatively higher level. Smoking as an important influencing factor need to be controlled carefully.     

柴油车烟度计维修二例

环境监测仪器由于受环境条件等因素的影响 ,经常会出现各种故障 ,文章对柴油车烟度计检测时表头指针无指示故障进行了系统分析 ,并介绍了维修方法和步骤     

应用GM(1,1)模型预测阿什河水质变化趋势

GM(1,1)模型在水质预测中得到了较为广泛的运用。本文应用GM(1,1)模型对阿什河入松花江口内断面中高锰酸盐指数和氨氮两项指标的浓度变化趋势进行了预测,结果表明:高锰酸盐指数浓度呈上升趋势,氨氮浓度呈下降趋势。对比灰色动态模型群和子模型的预测结果精度,发现对于两极分化的数据,模型群预测结果的关联度低于子模型。本文将为制定阿什河水质改善方案提供科学依据。     

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of silver nanoparticles in water using ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate

Using the ionic liquid(IL)1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as the extractant and methanol as the dispersion solvent,a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method was developed to extract silver nanoparticles(AgN Ps)from environmental water samples.Parameters that influenced the extraction efficiency such as IL concentration,pH and extraction time were optimized.Under the optimized conditions,the highest extraction efficiency for AgN Ps was above 90% with an enrichment factor of 90.The extracted AgN Ps in the IL phase were identified by transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy,and quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave digestion,with a detection limit of 0.01 μg/L.The spiked recovery of AgN Ps was 84.4% with a relative standard deviation(RSD)of 3.8%(n = 6)at a spiked level of 5 μg/L,and 89.7% with a RSD of 2.2%(n = 6)at a spiked level of 300 μg/L,respectively.Commonly existed environmental ions had a very limited influence on the extraction efficiency.The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of Ag NPs in river water,lake water,and the influent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant,with recoveries in the range of 71.0%–90.9% at spiking levels of 0.11–4.7 μg/L.     

改革开放30年来中国主要城市扩展时空动态变化研究

改革开放30年来,城市化速度明显加快,城市扩展是城市化空间上表现最明显的特征之一。论文选取我国大陆地区直辖市、省和自治区政府所在地及其他50万人口以上共135个城市作为研究对象,利用2007年北京一号小卫星多光谱数据,结合20世纪70年代、80年代和21世纪初的美国陆地卫星数据,采用面向对象分割和人机交互的信息提取方法对城市的主建成区进行动态监测,采用扩展面积、扩展强度、分维数、聚集度等指标分析城市扩展的规模、程度及形态等空间格局的变化,同时根据我国区域发展特点选取7个典型区进行扩展动态分析比较,并且结合社会经济统计数据等,概括分析了中国城市扩展的主要驱动因子。