Trisomy 12 mosaicism in amniocytes and dysmorphic child despite normal chromosomes in fetal blood sample

Trisomy 12 mosaicism (44 per cent) was detected prenatally in cultured amniocytes. A cordocentesis was performed to confirm the result. Only normal cells were found in the fetal blood sample. The fetus was estimated to be at a low risk of having a chromosomal abnormality and the pregnancy continued. Eight days after birth, a congenital heart defect was detected in the child. Several dysmorphic features were also evident. Further karyotyping of different tissues revealed normal blood and urinary cells but trisomic cells in the placenta (100 per cent) and in skin fibroblasts (25 per cent). The child died at 5 weeks of age. In this case, the fetal blood sample failed to reveal the real chromosome constitution of the fetus.     

Vehicle emissions of primary air pollutants from 2009 to 2019 and projection for the 14th Five-Year Plan period in Beijing, China

Over the past decade, the emission standards and fuel standards in Beijing have been upgraded twice, and the vehicle structure has been improved by accelerating the elimination of 2.95 million old vehicles. Through the formulation and implementation of these policies, the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in 2019 were 147.9, 25.3, 43.4, and 0.91 kton in Beijing, respectively. The emission factor method was adopted to better understand the emissions characteristics of primary air pollutants from combustion engine vehicles and to improve pollution control. In combination with the air quality improvement goals and the status of social and economic development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in Beijing, different vehicle pollution control scenarios were established, and emissions reductions were projected. The results show that the emissions of four air pollutants (CO, VOCs, NO_x, and PM_2.5) from vehicles in Beijing decreased by an average of 68% in 2019, compared to their levels in 2009. The contribution of NO_x emissions from diesel vehicles increased from 35% in 2009 to 56% in 2019, which indicated that clean and energy-saving diesel vehicle fleets should be further improved. Electric vehicle adoption could be an important measure to reduce pollutant emissions. With the further upgrading of vehicle structure and the adoption of electric vehicles, it is expected that the total emissions of the four vehicle pollutants can be reduced by 20%-41% by the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period.     

A further prenatal diagnosis of mosaic tetrasomy 12p (Pallister-Killian syndrome)

A case of mosaic tetrasomy 12p was detected in amniotic fluid cell cultures from a 28-year-old woman referred to us at 26 weeks' gestation because of hydramnios. The fetus was shown on ultrasonography to have an omphalocele and a short femur length. Labour was induced at 32 weeks. An infant with multiple congenital anomalies was delivered and died after 10 min. The diagnosis of i(12p) or Pallister-Killian syndrome was confirmed cytogenetically in fibroblast and lymphocyte cultures. Increased LDH-B activity was demonstrated in fibroblasts.     

SO2对Ag/Al2O3催化剂上CH3OH还原NO性能的影响

用溶胶-凝胶混合法制备了Ag负载量为5%的Ag/A12O3催化剂.研究了富氧条件下,SO2对CH3OH在催化剂上还原NO性能的影响.结果表明,反应气不含SO2和H2O时,NO还原活性温度较低,有显著量N2O生成,这被归因为反应过程中,部分氧化态Ag被还原为金属Ag.添加SO2或同时添加SO2和H2O使催化剂活性显著增加,N2O形成受到抑制,而且活性峰值温度提高.XPS分析表明SO2作用后的催化剂表面形成了硫酸盐化合物.     

维生素B12对厌氧污泥还原降解8:2FTOH的影响

研究了投加生物催化剂维生素B₁₂（VB₁₂）对厌氧活性污泥还原降解8：2氟调聚醇（8：2FTOH）的影响.结果表明,投加VB₁₂能够改变厌氧活性污泥还原降解8：2FTOH的动力学特性并增加其最终去除率,但投加量存在上下限：当VB₁₂投加量≤1mg/L时,8：2FTOH最终去除量无显著增加;当VB₁₂投加量≥5mg/L时,8：2FTOH最终去除量也不再持续增加.投加所有剂量的VB₁₂均可显著增加8：2FTOH的最终脱氟率.投加VB₁₂对厌氧活性污泥还原降解8：2FTOH去除率和脱氟率的影响并不一致.此外,投加较高浓度的VB₁₂可以抑制厌氧污泥还原降解8：2FTOH过程中多氟代化合物等中间降解产物的积累,提高全氟代化合物等终态降解产物的产率,同时有利于增加8：2FTOH的矿化脱氟率,但却导致了更低的总物质的量回收率.     

维生素B12催化纳米零价铁仿生降解全氟辛磺酸

研究了维生素B₁₂（VB₁₂）催化纳米零价铁（nFe⁰）仿生还原降解工业级全氟辛磺酸（PFOS）.结果表明,VB₁₂催化nFe⁰不仅能够降解支链PFOS,而且也能够同时降解直链PFOS,这是首次报道直链PFOS的仿生还原降解.PFOS降解过程可用准一级动力学模型模拟,且升高温度有利于PFOS的还原降解去除和脱氟.超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC-QTOF）定性分析表明,PFOS仿生降解产物包括4种全氟磺酸类（全氟碳链长度为C4~C7）、9种全氟羧酸类（全氟碳链长度为C2~C7、C10、C11和C13）和5种多氟代酸类（即H-全氟己酸、H-全氟庚酸、H-全氟辛酸、H₂-全氟辛酸和H-全氟辛磺酸）化合物.全氟磺酸类和全氟羧酸类化合物首次在VB₁₂仿生催化降解PFOS的产物之中检出,其中全氟十一烷酸（C10）、全氟十二烷酸（C11）和全氟十四烷酸（C13）等长链化合物第一次在降解PFOS过程中被发现.在降解样中检出的H-全氟烷烃（链长为C2~C7、C10、C11和C13）是否是PFOS的仿生降解产物,还有待进一步研究确认.     

H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2/空心微珠光催化降解联苯胺

采用复合型光催化剂H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2/空心微珠(cenospheres)光催化降解联苯胺,考察了联苯胺降解效果的影响因素,并运用FTIR和GS-MS技术分析了联苯胺光催化降解过程的主要中间产物,探讨了联苯胺可能的降解路径。实验结果表明:以125 W中压汞灯为光源,在溶液pH为6.3,初始联苯胺质量浓度为10 mg/L的条件下光反应240 min,联苯胺降解率达78%,比Ti_O2/空心微珠提高了24百分点;H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2/空心微珠光催化降解联苯胺符合表观一级动力学特征,且反应速率常数随初始联苯胺质量浓度的增加而减小;H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2/空心微珠具有较好的稳定性,易于分离,可重复利用;联苯胺光催化降解过程的主要中间产物为4-氨基联苯、4-氨基苯酚、对苯二酚和1,4-苯醌。     

资源型省份环境形势分析及“十三五”环境保护策略

在对历史环境问题进行梳理回顾的基础上,对新常态下作为典型资源型经济省份的山西省面临的环境保护形势进行了分析,并从实施绿色发展战略、改善环境质量、深化环境管理体制创新、加强环境监管、培育生态环保市场主体5个方面给出了基本的策略建议,以期为制定山西省"十三五"环境保护规划提供参考。     

济南市“十三五”环境保护所面临的形势研究

随着我国经济发展进入新常态,"十三五"期间的环境保护工作也进入新阶段,为准确制定济南市"十三五"环境保护规划,文章对济南市经济总体发展情况,农业、工业和服务业发展情况,以及能源消费情况等方面进行了全面分析和预测,对"十三五"期间济南市环境保护工作面临的问题进行了识别,以期对济南市"十三五"环境保护所面临的形式做出全面准确的研判。     

Ease vs. noise: Long-run changes in the value of transport (dis)amenities

For a complete cost-benefit analysis of durable infrastructures, it is important to understand how the value of non-market goods such as transit time and environmental quality changes as incomes rise in the long-run. We use difference-in-differences and spatial differencing to estimate the land price capitalization effects of metro rail in Berlin, Germany today and a century ago. Over this period, the negative implicit hedonic price of rail noise tripled. Our results imply income elasticities of the value of noise reduction and transport access of 2.2 and 1.4, substantially exceeding cross-sectional contingent valuation estimates.