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611.
《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5-6):779-790
Abstract The effects of carbendazim, captan, thiram, and mancozeb, on plant vitality, chlorophyll content, N uptake, protein content, nodulation, and seed yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) were assessed in a controlled environment. Seeds treated with fungicides at 1 and 1.5 g. a.i./kg seed had no significant adverse effect on plant vigor, seed yield, and N and protein contents. In contrast, fungicides applied at 2 g. a.i./kg of captan, thiram and mancozeb, significantly reduced the measured parameters. In general, the toxicity of fungicides in terms of seed yield increased in the following order: Control = carbendazim > thiram > captan > mancozeb. Total chlorophyll content in foliage declined consistently with fungicides dose rates and application days. Seeds treated with lower rates of fungicides significantly increased nodulation (nodule number per plant and its dry mass) and were compatible with chickpea inoculum used in this study. Although carbendazim at 2 g a.i./kg seed had no phytotoxic effect assessed under greenhouse conditions, it significantly reduced the chlorophyll content, nodulation (60 d) and N content in shoots. 相似文献
612.
613.
Reduced nitrogen has a greater effect than oxidised nitrogen on dry heathland vegetation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
van den Berg LJ Peters CJ Ashmore MR Roelofs JG 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,154(3):359-369
We investigated the effects of different ratios of reduced (NH4+) versus oxidised (NO3(-)) nitrogen in deposition on heathland and species-rich grassland vegetation at high nitrogen deposition levels in large mesocosms filled with nutrient-poor soils to which different NH4+/NO3(-) ratios were applied. The response of the forbs, Antennaria dioica, Arnica montana, Gentiana pneumonanthe, Thymus serpyllum, the grasses Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Nardus stricta and the shrub Calluna vulgaris was recorded. The forb A. dioica and the grass D.decumbens preferred low NH4+/NO3(-) ratios and were characterised by a negative correlation between NH4+/NO3(-) ratios and biomass and survival, whereas the grasses N. stricta and D. flexuosa showed no correlation with NH4+/NO3(-) ratios. Lime addition eliminated the negative effects of high NH4+ concentrations in deposition for A. dioica and the grass D. decumbens. The implications of these findings for heathland vegetations are discussed. 相似文献
614.
Stress responses of Calluna vulgaris to reduced and oxidised N applied under 'real world conditions'
Sheppard LJ Leith ID Crossley A Van Dijk N Fowler D Sutton MA Woods C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,154(3):404-413
Effects and implications of reduced and oxidised N, applied under 'real world' conditions, since May 2002, are reported for Calluna growing on an ombrotrophic bog. Ammonia has been released from a 10 m line source generating monthly concentrations of 180-6 microg m(-3), while ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate are applied in rainwater at nitrate and ammonium concentrations below 4mM and providing up to 56 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) above a background deposition of 10 kg N ha(-1) year(-1). Ammonia concentrations, >8 microg m(-3) have significantly enhanced foliar N concentrations, increased sensitivity to drought, frost and winter desiccation, spring frost damage and increased the incidence of pathogen outbreaks. The mature Calluna bushes nearest the NH3 source have turned bleached and moribund. By comparison the Calluna receiving reduced and oxidised N in rain has shown no significant visible or stress related effects with no significant increase in N status. 相似文献
615.
生物接触氧化处理微污染地面水的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
生物接触氧化处理微污染地面水的实验结果表明,该方法处理效果显著、稳定性好、操作方便、容易实施,是解决污染给水处理问题的经济可行办法。 相似文献
616.
617.
Response of soil fauna to simulated nitrogen deposition: A nursery experiment in subtropical China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
XU Guo-liang MO Jiang-ming FU Sheng-lei PER Gundersen ZHOU Guo-yi XUE Jing-Hua 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(5):603-609
We studied the responses of soil fauna to a simulated nitrogen deposition in nursery experimental plots in Subtropical China. Dissolved NH4NO3 was applied to the soil by spraying twice per month for 16 months, starting January 2003 with treatments of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 30 gN/(m2·a). Soil fauna was sampled after 6, 9, 13 and 16 months of treatment in three soil depths (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm). Soil available N increased in correspondence with the increasing N treatment, whereas soil pH decreased. Bacterial and fungal densities were elevated by the N treatment. Soil fauna increased in the lower nitrogen treatments but decreased in the higher N treatments, which might indicate that there was a threshold around 10 gN/(m2·a) for the stimulating effects of N addition. The N effects were dependent on the soil depth and sampling time. The data also suggested that the effects of the different N treatments were related to the level of N saturation, especially the concentration of NO3- in the soil. 相似文献
618.
三峡库区消落带下部区域土壤氮磷释放规律模拟实验研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
三峡库区消落带形成后其下部区域(145~155 m)由于长期处于淹没状态,其表层土壤将类似底泥状态,研究选择嘉陵江江底沉积物模拟其在好氧及厌氧淹水条件下N、P向上覆水体的释放规律。结果表明:土壤处于淹水期间,均向上覆水释放N、P,其中好氧状态下上覆水中TN以硝态氮为主,厌氧环境下上覆水中TN以氨氮形式为主;淹水前期,N、P释放速率均较快,随时间增加逐渐减缓,且在厌氧环境下TP释放能力较好氧环境强。好氧淹水中曝气量对上覆水中TN平衡浓度无显著影响,但对氨氮、硝态氮释放过程有影响,从而影响TN浓度变化;底泥状土壤落干过程对N素释放有正影响,对P素释放有负影响;在短暂的落干期间,如果进行农业利用,将增加库区水环境污染和水体富营养化的风险. 相似文献
619.
620.
氮限制对三种赤潮藻生长以及种间竞争效应的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了了解不同类别的赤潮藻类对氮(N)限制的响应,在实验室单独培养以及混合培养条件下,研究了N限制对3种典型赤潮微藻(中肋骨条藻、锥状斯氏藻和海洋卡盾藻)生长的影响.结果显示,N限制对3种赤潮藻类的生长均具有明显影响,其中中肋骨条藻对N限制较为敏感.混合培养体系中,藻细胞生长同时还受到种间竞争的明显抑制;而在3种藻混合培养条件下,种间竞争成为了藻细胞生长的决定性因素,锥状斯氏藻和海洋卡盾藻能对中肋骨条藻的生长能产生协同抑制作用.锥状斯氏藻是一种可形成孢囊的种类,N限制和种间竞争能促进其孢囊的提前形成,并且种间竞争能显著提高孢囊的形成率. 相似文献