固定燃烧源排放N2O的采样,分析方法及其监测

烟道气是一含有多种哗合物的复杂体系，除Ｎ２，Ｏ２外，还含有燃烧产物Ｈ２Ｏ，ＣＯ２ＣＯ，ＮＯｘ，ＳＯ２和Ｈ２Ｓ等，烟气样在贮放过程中它们之间相互影响，使各自的浓度发生变化，为了得到烟气中Ｎ２Ｏ含量的准确测定值，分别研究了Ｈ２Ｏ，ＳＯ２和ＮＯ的含量，放置时间对Ｎ２Ｏ生成量的影响，试验结果表明，玻璃注射器不适于贮放烟气样，样品中只有Ｈ２Ｏ，ＳＯ２和ＮＯ三种化合物同时存在时，才会有进一步的Ｎ２Ｏ的生成，其     

氨氧化过程中稻壳生物炭抑制酸性农田土壤N2O排放

为探明在土壤环境有利于氨氧化作用发生的条件下,稻壳生物炭对酸性农田土壤N₂O排放的影响,将生物炭分别按质量比0%（对照）、2%、5%和10%与土壤充分混匀,开展为期17d的室内静态土壤培养实验,研究土壤N₂O排放速率的日变化以及整个培养期间的N₂O累积排放量.同时,测定了培养终态土壤样品的pH值、NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、NO₂^--N和溶解性有机碳（DOC）含量,分析稻壳生物炭对土壤N₂O排放影响的机理.结果表明,不同稻壳生物炭添加量均显著抑制了酸性农田土壤的N₂O排放（P<0.001）,且以5%和10%处理的抑制作用最明显;与对照处理相比,2%、5%和10%处理的N₂O累积排放量分别减少了87.68%、94.59%和96.90%.培养前后土壤pH值、NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N含量的变化表明,稻壳生物炭显著促进了土壤的硝化作用,尤其是5%和10%处理.线性回归分析表明,土壤N₂O排放速率与NO₂^--N含量显著正相关（P<0.01）,且NO₂^--N含量对N₂O排放速率的解释程度为45%.由于稻壳生物炭促进了土壤的硝化作用,使NO₂^-更易转化为NO₃^-,减少了NO₂^-积累,进而减少了通过硝化菌反硝化作用途径产生的N₂O.培养结束时,5%和10%处理的DOC含量显著高于对照处理,但培养过程中,稻壳生物炭并未显著促进土壤有机碳矿化.     

深圳市土地利用变化驱动力系统分析

以深圳市土地利用变化的驱动力系统为例，用灰色关联方法确定影响土地利用变化的驱动因子并判别其最大驱动力，结果表明：深圳城市建设用地面积变化与外资利用额的关联系数最大，达到0.8491，其次为基础建设投资颧、第三产业产值、工业总产值及总人口数量；耕地、林地、荒地、水域面积变化则与城市化率的关联系数最大。以1991-1999年间的建设用地面积作为灰色系统特征数据序列，选取与其关联系数最大的五个驱动因子序列数据作为相关因素数据系列，建立CM（1，6）模型，结果表明：该模型的计算值和实际值的相对误差最大为11.11％，最小为-0.25％，平均相对误差也只有3.41％；检验结果表明，2000-2004年的模拟值与检验值的平均相对误差仅为3.74％，模拟精度较高，因而可以利用该模型预测深圳市建设用地的增长规模。     

Aerosol Composition Change due to Dust Storm: Measurements between 1992 and 1999 at Gosan,Korea

Aerosol composition change between dust storm and non duststorm periods is studied using the TSP (Total SuspendedParticulate) data measured at Gosan, Korea between 1992 and1999. The concentrations of elements measured between 1993and 1996 and those of ions between 1992 and 1999 duringdust storms are compared with those during non-dust stormperiods in spring (March, April, and May). Among theanalyzed ions, the concentrations of crustal species(potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride) andanthropogenic species (nitrate and non-sea salt (nss)-sulfate) increased when dust storm occurs while those ofammonium and sodium did not increase. Among the analyzedelements, the concentrations of crustal species (Fe, Al,Ca, Ti, and Zn) increased when dust storm occurs whilethose of anthropogenic species (Mn, V, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Cr)did not increase. The only anthropogenic element of whichconcentration increased during dust storm periods was Pb.It was found that the concentrations of nitrate and nss-sulfatewere highest during spring. Also, the ratio of theyearly average concentrations of nitrate to nss-sulfateincreases, probably due to the emission trend change innortheast Asia, especially, in China.     

Prenatal overgrowth and mosaic trisomy 15q25-qter including the IGF1 receptor gene

Overgrowth is rarely associated with chromosomal imbalances. Here, we report on a male foetus presenting with overgrowth and additional material on the short arm of one of the chromosome 15 in 12% of lymphocytes and 50% of amniotic cells. Parents' karyotypes were normal, indicating a de novo origin for this unbalanced rearrangement. Complementary studies using cytogenetic and FISH studies showed that this additional material resulted in a 15q25-qter trisomy and confirmed the presence of three copies of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) gene, included in the trisomic region. Autopsy performed after termination of pregnancy revealed isolated overgrowth and absence of visceral malformations. The possible mechanisms and origins for the formation of this mosaic pure trisomy are complex. The present observation emphasises the hypothesis that the overgrowth phenotype, frequently reported in patients with trisomy including the 15q26 region, might be causally related to a dosage effect of the IGF1R gene, as well as the importance of chromosome analysis in patients with overgrowth. It also confirms that the overgrowth is of prenatal onset in those observations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING THE FATE OF NITRATE IN WETLANDS1

ABSTRACT: Dissolved gas analysis permits direct detection of ground water denitrification, a technique we used in this study to assess the fate of nitrate in a riparian wetland. Dissolved argon (Ar) and dinitrogen (N₂) were measured in transects of nested piezometers installed at different depths within upwelling regions of a riparian wetland. The method uses the Ar content in the water as a natural inert tracer for assessing background content of N₂ from the previous air/water equilibrium. Within the wetland under study, anoxic to suboxic ground water became more oxic in piezometers close to the aquifer layer, indicating upwelling of oxic ground water. Assessment of loss of nitrate and Ar in ground water within an upwelling zone indicated that shallow piezometers had significant N₂ loss through degassing. Most of the measured nitrate‐nitrogen (NO₃^?‐N) loss of 205 μM in a piezometer nest could be accounted for by total N₂‐N produced (169 μM N), calculated from changes in dissolved N₂ and estimated N₂ degassed. Degassing due to methane (CH₄) production was also detected in some shallow piezometers within nests. This technique for analysis of dissolved gases in ground water can be applied to detect small changes in N gas concentration and aids in assessing the fate of nitrate along a ground water flow path.     

g-C_3N_4/石墨烯复合材料的制备及光催化活性的研究

以三聚氰胺和氧化石墨烯颗粒为原料,通过研磨负载、氮气气氛下煅烧的方法制备了石墨相氮化碳/石墨烯(g-C_3N_4/r GO)复合光催化剂.主要采用TEM、XRD、PL等对其进行表征,研究了其在模拟太阳光下对罗丹明B(Rh B)的光催化性能.PL分析结果显示,相比单一的g-C_3N_4,g-C_3N_4/r GO的光生电子-空穴对的复合几率大大降低.光催化结果表明,和单一g-C_3N_4相比,首次使用研磨负载、氮气保护气氛下煅烧制备的g-C_3N_4/r GO(2%)光催化反应180min后对Rh B的降解率提高了43.2%.这是因为石墨烯为g-C_3N_4提供了电子转移场所,实现光生电子-空穴的有效分离,从而提高了光催化效率.本文还考察了添加叔丁醇(TBA)和三乙醇胺(TEOA)后对g-C_3N_4/r GO光催化的影响,实验结果表明:光生空穴是g-C_3N_4/r GO光催化体系中的主要活性物质之一.     

O_2/CO_2半焦煤燃料N向NO转化规律试验研究

在立式管式炉燃烧试验装置上,O_2/CO_2燃烧条件下,对半焦煤在不同温度及氧气浓度对燃料N向NO转化规律进行研究。结果表明:ρ(O_2)∶ρ(CO_2)=1∶4燃烧气氛,1 000℃时,NO生成曲线表现出双峰结构趋势,温度升高后,双峰均变为单峰,NO生成总量降低,燃料N向NO转化率降低,N转化率达稳定时刻的时间向前推移60 s;温度维持1 000℃恒温,各氧气浓度条件下均有双峰结构,燃料N转化率随氧气浓度升高,N转化率基本保持不变,只有在ρ(O_2)∶ρ(CO_2)=4∶6时,表现出降低趋势,N转化率达稳定的时间向后延迟210 s。     

基于GAC颗粒污泥厌氧氨氧化EGSB反应器的快速启动

以GAC颗粒污泥为接种污泥研究厌氧氨氧化EGSB反应器快速启动的条件及运行参数。反应器的启动在17 d内完成,总氮容积负荷达到1.62 kg/(m3·d)。采用缩短水力停留时间方式提高反应器负荷,14 d内反应器总氮容积负荷能快速升至1.45 kg/(m3·d),实验结果表明采用低基质浓度和缩短水力停留时间方式更利于厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动。第18~21 d平均产气速率为1.1 L/h,用气相色谱仪对EGSB反应器产生的气体进行分析,N2O、CO2平均体积分数分别为0.8%、0.02%,如何降低气体中N2O的浓度需要进一步研究。     

Elevated CO2 facilitates C and N accumulation in a rice paddy ecosystem

Elevated CO₂ can stimulate wetland carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) exports through gaseous and dissolved pathways, however, the consequent influences on the C and N pools are still not fully known. Therefore, we set up a free-air CO₂ enrichment experiment in a paddy field in Eastern China. After five year fumigation, we studied C and N in the plant–water–soil system. The results showed: (1) elevated CO₂ stimulated rice aboveground biomass and N accumulations by 19.1% and 12.5%, respectively. (2) Elevated CO₂ significantly increased paddy soil TOC and TN contents by 12.5% and 15.5%, respectively in the 0–15 cm layer, and 22.7% and 26.0% in the 15–30 cm soil layer. (3) Averaged across the rice growing period, elevated CO₂ greatly increased TOC and TN contents in the surface water by 7.6% and 11.4%, respectively. (4) The TOC/TN ratio and natural δ¹⁵N value in the surface soil showed a decreasing trend under elevated CO₂. The above results indicate that elevated CO₂ can benefit C and N accumulation in paddy fields. Given the similarity between the paddies and natural wetlands, our results also suggest a great potential for long-term C and N accumulation in natural wetlands under future climate patterns.