Variations of dominant microbial populations in groundwater in response to the leachate from Laogang Landfill

Temporal changes of dominant microbial populations in groundwater in response to the leachate from Shanghai Laogang Landfill were investigated. Concentrations of dissolved redox-relevant species in groundwater suggested that the dominating redox process had changed from denitrification to methane-production/sulfate-reduction due to landfilling. Dominant microbial populations were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) analyses of 16S rRNA gene libraries, which were further studied by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The results indicated that obvious shifts of dominant microbial populations had occurred in groundwater in response to the pollution of leachate. The closest relatives of some dominant clones are accordant with the dominating redox processes determined by hydrochemical analyses, based on the GenBank‘s indications on the ability to perform redox reactions.     

普光天然气净化厂投料试车H2S泄漏安全管理

普光气田天然气净化厂是中国石化集团公司"川气东送工程"的关键组成部分,在投料试车期间,富含高浓度H2S的原料气决定了净化过程中的泄漏中毒高风险,尤其在投料试车过程中,实时监测现场H2S气体浓度是试车安全管理的关键。介绍了天然气净化厂净化工艺,分析了试车安全风险;利用安全监测系统、GasFindIR红外成像仪、有毒挥发气体分析仪等先进仪器设备建立了实时安全管理监测方法,实时监测现场H2S气体浓度。结果表明,该方法在天然气净化厂投料试车阶段发现H2S气体泄漏及时,泄漏点定位准确,泄漏量检测精确,保证了普光气田天然气净化厂投料试车作业安全的顺利进行,为高含H2S气田投料试车作业的安全管理提供了参考。     

利用3S技术动态监测天山草地农业产量及其成因分析

在新疆阜康县大量“天地”资料观测基础上，利用3S(RS、GIS和GPS)技术和生态系统分析方法，对新疆天山草地农业资源进行了系统的动态监测和大面积估产研究。结果表明，该县草地和森林面积1998年比1988年分别下降了17．5％和51．o％，而农业用地面积和沙漠危害面积却分别增加了57．8％和21．2％，实现了利用3s技术系统准确监测新疆阜康县草地农业资源动态变化，其大面积草地遥感估产精度达到75．8％以上。最后，建立了新型PPR估产模型，其估产精度达到81．76％以上，并给出了理论生态成因解释与定量分析结果等。     

Screening and degrading characteristics and community structure of a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial consortium from contaminated soil

Inoculation with effcient microbes had been proved to be the most important way for the bioremediation of polluted environments. For the treatment of abandoned site of Beijing Coking Chemical Plant contaminated with high level of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(HMW-PAHs) ,a bacterial consortium capable of degrading HMW-PAHs,designated 1-18-1,was enriched and screened from HMW-PAHs contaminated soil.Its degrading ability was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) ,and the community structure was investigated by construction and analyses of the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries(A,B and F) at different transfers.The results indicated that 1-18-1 was able to utilize pyrene,fluoranthene and benzoapyrene as sole carbon and energy source for growth.The degradation rate of pyrene and fluoranthene reached 82.8%and 96.2%after incubation for 8 days at 30°C,respectively;while the degradation rate of benzoapyrene was only 65.1%after incubation for 28 days at 30°C. Totally,108,100 and 100 valid clones were randomly selected and sequenced from the libraries A,B,and F.Phylogenetic analyses showed that all the clones could be divided into 5 groups,Bacteroidetes,α-Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,β-Proteobacteria andγ-Proteobacteria.Sequence similarity analyses showed total 39 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) in the libraries.The predominant bacterial groups wereα-Proteobacteria(19 OTUs,48.7%) ,γ-Proteobacteria(9 OTUs,23.1%) andβ-Proteobacteria(8 OTUs,20.5%) . During the transfer process,the proportions ofα-Proteobacteria andβ-Proteobacteria increased greatly(from 47%to 93%) ,while γ-Proteobacteria decreased from 32%(library A) to 6%(library F) ;and Bacteroidetes group disappeared in libraries B and F.     

土壤中硫的形态分析及其测定方法研究进展

本文对土壤中硫的形态分析与测定方法,从无机硫,有机硫,总硫,以及硫的系统分析方法,硫的检测几个方面进行了综述,对各种方法进行了客观的评价,指出了尚待于解决的问题,并对今后的研究进行了展望。     

高氨氮废水与城市生活污水短程硝化系统菌群比较

短程硝化是污水脱氮工艺中的重要环节,系统中的菌群结构决定了其处理效果.为探讨短程硝化系统中的微生物对不同污水的适应性,利用细菌16S rDNA克隆文库、磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)和定量PCR分析方法对高氨氮废水和城市生活污水短程硝化系统中活性污泥的细菌群落结构、总体微生物的多样性以及功能微生物进行了比较.克隆文库结果表明两个系统中细菌群落结构明显不同,城市生活污水中细菌种类更丰富,但两个系统的优势菌群都属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidete).磷脂脂肪酸分析结果显示高氨氮废水短程硝化系统中微生物多样性指数和均匀度指数明显低于城市生活污水.定量PCR结果表明,高氨氮废水短程硝化系统中氨氧化菌(AOB)与亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的数量都多于城市生活污水短程硝化系统;高氨氮废水短程硝化系统中AOB比NOB高3个数量级,而城市生活污水短程硝化系统中AOB比NOB高2个数量级.     

PCR-DGGE研究处理垃圾渗滤液序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)中的细菌多样性

为了研究序批式生物膜反应器中的细菌多样性及其脱氮的微生物学机理,为工艺改进提供依据,从同步高效去除垃圾渗滤液中高氨氮和高COD的SBBR生物膜和渗滤液原水中采集微生物样品并提取微生物总DNA,使用细菌通用引物对（GC341F/907R）从总DNA中成功扩增出目标16S rDNA片段,然后对扩增的16S rDNA进行DGGE,对凝胶染色并进行条带统计分析和切胶测序,使用序列数据进行同源性分析并建立了系统发育树.结果表明,该驯化后的SBBR生物膜和渗滤液原水中都有比较丰富的细菌多样性,驯化的生物膜细菌主要来自渗滤液原水,而且生物膜细菌在反应器正常运行时不会出现明显的群落结构变化;在该SBBR中有多种硝化细菌与反硝化细菌、好氧反硝化细菌和厌氧氨氧化细菌共存,说明该反应器中可能同时存在全程硝化反硝化、同步硝化反硝化和厌氧氨氧化3种脱氮方式.研究结果为SBBR脱氮微生物机理研究提供了一些有价值的参考依据.     

镍、锌、铝对羊角月芽藻(Selenastrum capricornutum)生长及酶活性影响研究

研究了不同浓度镍，锌，铝对常见绿藻羊角月芽藻生长速度，蛋白质含量，ＡＴＰ水平，葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酶，酸性磷酸酶及硝酸还原酶活性的影响。结果表明３种金属离子在所试浓度范围内对羊角月芽藻的生长速度均有抑制作用，但单位藻培养物中蛋白质含量却随着金属离子浓度的增加而增加；高浓度金属离子对酶活性有明显抑制作用；藻细胞中ＡＴＰ水平随着金属离子浓度的增加而下降。     

玉门油田污染荒漠土壤石油降解菌多样性

为探索石油污染荒漠土壤石油降解微生物多样性、筛选高效石油降解菌,采用涂布平板法从石油污染荒漠土壤分离具有石油降解能力细菌,采用细菌形态观察和16S rRNA基因序列分析其多样性,并设计特异性引物,对分离细菌降解相关基因进行检测.结果表明,分离的37株细菌分别属于放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)、γ变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)、β变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria)、芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli)和α变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria),分别占35.14%、32.43%、13.51%、13.51%、5.41%,归属于21个属的34个种类.优势菌属为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、红球菌属(Rhodococcus)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)、无色杆菌属(Achromobacter)和葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus),占总数的51.35%,其中有36株细菌能以石油为唯一碳源稳定生长,对原油有明显的降解能力.在石油质量浓度为1 500 mg/L的基础培养基中,菌株YM43在培养7 d后对石油的降解率达55.47%,另有8株细菌的降解率不低于30.55%,11株细菌的降解率介于10.05%~28.37%,18株细菌的降解率不高于8.05%. PCR检测表明,有25株细菌含有烷烃单加氧酶基因,6株含芳烃双加氧酶基因,6株含联苯双加氧酶基因,4株含萘双加氧酶基因,3株含甲苯双加氧酶基因,2株含邻苯二酚双加氧酶基因.研究显示,石油污染荒漠土壤中可培养细菌具有高度多样性,分离的菌株有较强的石油降解能力,其降解功能与所存在的降解基因有关.