Biodegradation of malathion, α- and β-endosulfan by bacterial strains isolated from agricultural soil in Veracruz,Mexico

The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of two bacterial strains isolated, cultivated, and purified from agricultural soils of Veracruz, Mexico, for biodegradation and mineralisation of malathion (diethyl 2-(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl) succinate) and α- and β-endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6-9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine-3-oxide). The isolated bacterial strains were identified using biochemical and morphological characterization and the analysis of their 16S rDNA gene, as Enterobacter cloacae strain PMM16 (E1) and E. amnigenus strain XGL214 (M1). The E1 strain was able to degrade endosulfan, whereas the M1 strain was capable of degrading both pesticides. The E1 strain degraded 71.32% of α-endosulfan and 100% of β-endosulfan within 24 days. The absence of metabolites, such as endosulfan sulfate, endosulfan lactone, or endosulfan diol, would suggest degradation of endosulfan isomers through non-oxidative pathways. Malathion was completely eliminated by the M1 strain. The major metabolite was butanedioic acid. There was a time-dependent increase in bacterial biomass, typical of bacterial growth, correlated with the decrease in pesticide concentration. The CO₂ production also increased significantly with the addition of pesticides to the bacterial growth media, demonstrating that, under aerobic conditions, the bacteria utilized endosulfan and malathion as a carbon source. Here, two bacterial strains are shown to metabolize two toxic pesticides into non-toxic intermediates.     

新型填料特性及其在生物脱硫中的应用

为解决生物脱硫反应器酸化问题,研制出一种具有pH缓冲能力的生物填料。填料主要由碳酸钙﹑纯丙乳液和羟丙基纤维素制得。填料在水中浸泡6个月不会分解,吸水率大于20%。考察填料pH缓冲能力,结果表明,填料能将pH=5.0水溶液调节至pH=6.5以上。选取缓冲能力较稳定的BT50填料填充于反应器,以排硫硫杆菌(Thiobacillus thio-parus)挂膜,5个循环后反应器有效体积内的最大固定化菌体数量约为5.86×108cells/mL,并且硫代硫酸钠的消耗速率基本稳定,表明该填料可用于生物挂膜。在长达50 d脱硫实验中,H2S脱除率均在95%以上,整个脱硫阶段不再加入任何pH调节剂,反应器内pH仍能维持在6.7～7.1之间。     

聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维用于烟气脱硫脱硝

应用聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维(PAN-ACF)对模拟的工业烟气中的SO2和NO在烟气露点温度以上进行吸附脱除实验。通过改变固定床ACF装载量、反应温度、水蒸气体积分数和O2体积分数,研究了ACF脱硫效率和脱硝效率的变化规律,还研究了同时脱硫脱硝时入口SO2或NO浓度对脱除效率的影响。结果表明:PAN-ACF具有良好的脱硫性能和一定的脱硝能力,其脱硫效率和脱硝效率随着ACF装载量和O2体积分数的增大而升高,随着温度的升高而降低,随着水蒸气体积分数的增大先升高后降低;在同时脱硫脱硝时,SO2对ACF的脱硝反应有明显的抑制作用,而NO对ACF的脱硫反应影响不大。     

1‐Aminobenzotriazole increases glutathione‐s‐transferase activity of maize

Abstract

Glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) activity of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings treated with 1‐aminobenzotriazole (ABT) derivatives and/or EPTC were measured using EPTC‐sulfoxide as substrate. Both safeners and ABT derivatives significantly elevated the GST activity in the concentrations needed for effective safening action. ABT is considered as an inhibitor of plant cytochrome P‐450 monooxygenases (P‐450) and, because of this, used to study herbicide mode of action. Our data indicate that ABT has multiple effects on plants influencing not only P‐450 but GST as well. Thus the role of ABT in herbicide metabolism needs reconsideration.     

丝瓜瓤固定化脱色菌Enterobactor sp.S8 对活性黑5的脱色

利用植物载体丝瓜瓤对肠杆菌(Enterobactor sp.S8)进行固定,并对活性黑5进行脱色研究.探讨了固定化菌体的菌龄、菌量、pH、温度对染料脱色的影响.研究了该固定化菌体的重复利用和动力学实验.结果表明,最佳脱色条件为:菌龄3d、接菌量2％、温度30℃、pH 6.0.该固定化菌体对不同初始浓度活性黑5的脱色符合二级反应动力学方程.经9次重复利用后的该固定化菌体,其脱色率仍达76.8％.在优化实验条件下,根据降解3d前后的紫外-可见光谱图分析可知,活性黑5并非完全被降解为CO2和H2O,而是生成一些小分子有机中间体.     

新型微生物菌剂对垃圾渗滤液的除臭效果

利用从食材中筛选纯化的特定微生物制成新型复合菌剂,以不同浓度梯度处理垃圾渗滤液,测定其在自然条件下的嗅阈值,监测NH3和H2S即时挥发浓度的变化,评价菌剂的综合除臭效果,设计三因素三水平实验并采用响应面优化法对反应适宜的实验参数进行了优化。研究结果表明,新型复合菌剂的投加会使垃圾渗滤液嗅阈值明显下降;响应面优化模型分析表明,反应时间2.5 d时和0.5%的菌剂投加对抑制NH3的挥发效果最好,而反应时间2.5 d和0.2%的投入量对抑制H2S的挥发效果最好,氧气的供应情况对两者的挥发抑制效果影响不显著。     

Long-term Hg pollution induced Hg tolerance in the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber (Isopoda, Crustacea)

The aim of our work was to assess the pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) of isopod gut microbiota and pollution-induced isopod population tolerance (PIPT). Animals collected from a chronically Hg polluted and an unpolluted location were exposed for 14 days to 10microg Hg/g dry food under laboratory conditions. The lysosomal membrane stability, hepatopancreas epithelium thickness, feeding activity and animal bacterial gut microbiota composition were determined. The results confirm the hypothesis that the response to short-term Hg exposure differs for animals from the Hg polluted and the unpolluted field locations. The animals and their gut microbiota from the Hg polluted location were less affected by Hg in a short-term feeding experiment than those from the unpolluted environment. We discuss the pollution-induced population tolerance of isopods and their gut microbiota as a measure of effects of long-term environmental pollution. The ecological consequences of such phenomena are also discussed.     

发光细菌法检测环境污染中的基因毒性

用明亮发光杆菌Ｔ３小种的暗变种Ｔ９１７１菌株检测９种化合物和１４种环境样品的基因毒性。结果表明,在９种化合物中检出３种阳性物,６种可疑物。在１４种环境样品中检出２个样品呈阳性,７个样品呈可疑,其余为阴性。激活系统Ｓ９能极大地提高试验的灵敏度。在环境基因毒物的筛选中,发光细菌法是一种非常有价值的短期生物试验方法。表２参１４     

基于ARM和Linux的数据采集系统及其在电能质量监测中的应用

本文从数据采集的实际需求出发,提出以32位ARM920T内核的S3C2440A微处理器为核心,在基于Linux嵌入式操作系统以及Qtopia图形界面的软件平台上,移植网页服务器Boa,形成具有图形界面显示、网页发布、数据采集、存储、传输等功能的数据采集系统平台。在此平台基础上,通过应用接口电路的扩展和用户程序的设计,研制了一款电能质量监测终端,实现了电网电量参数的数据采集、处理与存储工作。该设备还可将采集到的数据通过GPRS无线网络发送到上位机,结合上位机软件对电能质量进行监测、分析。随着电力系统电能质量监测装置趋向小型化、智能化,该系统将会得到广泛的推广和应用。