Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a phenanthrene-degrading strain isolated from oil-contaminated soil

Bacterium strain EVA17 was isolated from an oil-contaminated soil, and identified as Sphingomonas sp.based on analysis of 16S rDNA sequence, cellular fatty acid composition and physiological-chemical tests. The salicylate hydroxylase and catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase (C23O) were detected in cell-free lysates, suggesting a pathway for phenanthrene catabolism via salicylate and catechol. Alignment showed that both of the C23O and GST genes of the strain EVA17 had high similarity with homologues of strains from genus Sphingomonas. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA and C23O gene sequence indicated that EVA17 should be classified into genus Sphingomonas, although the two phylogenetic trees were slightly different from each other. The results of co-amplification and sequence determination indicated that GST gene should be located upstream of the C230 gene.     

Soil fungistasis and its relations to soil microbial composition and diversity: A case study of a series of soils with di erent fungistasis

Fungistasis is one of the important approaches to control soil-borne plant pathogens.Some hypotheses about the mechanisms for soil fungistasis had been established,which mainly focused on the soil bacterial community composition,structure,diversity as well as function.In this study,the bacterial community composition and diversity of a series of soils treated by autoclaving,which coming from the same original soil sample and showing gradient fungistasis to the target soil-borne pathogen fungi Fusarium gr...     

酸性矿山废水区域废矿石中真核生物多样性分析

采集安徽某铁矿酸性矿山废水库周边的废矿石样品,分析了样品的主要物化参数,进而利用分子生物学方法,构建真核生物18S rDNA克隆文库,对样品中的真核生物多样性和群落结构进行了研究.结果表明,该区域呈现强酸性,pH均在3以下,Fe、SO2-4、P、NO-3-N含量都显示同一个趋势,即裸露的废矿石样品PD和1M的含量高于有植被覆盖的样品LW和XC.4个样品含有子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)和节肢动物门(Arthropoda)这4类真核生物.其中球囊菌门可以与植物形成绝对共生关系,是早期植物适应陆地环境的关键.包含球囊菌门的样品LW和XC,有植被保护,其生物多样性比裸露的废矿石样品PD和1M的生物多样性更丰富.此外,还发现样品中存在很多对极低pH、重金属有耐受力的菌种,如Penicillium purpurogenum、Chaetothyriales sp.、Staninwardia suttonii等.     

金县1-1水源井缓蚀阻垢剂筛选的实验研究

目的 解决金县1-1油田井下管柱腐蚀结垢问题.方法 结合金县1-1油田水源井A1W井的实际工况,运用高温高压动态腐蚀测试仪对N80钢进行模拟井筒条件实验,明确A1W井含H2S的水对N80钢的腐蚀性和结垢性.运用室内实验分别对三种缓蚀剂和五种阻垢剂的单剂进行优选,结合扫描电镜对试片表面进行微观形貌分析,筛选出合适的缓蚀剂...     

康滇地轴东缘铅锌矿床铅硫同位素地球化学研究

康滇地轴东缘不同时代碳酸盐地层中铅锌矿床的铅同位素研究表明 ,其2 0 7Pb/2 0 4 Pb与2 0 6 Pb/ 2 0 4 Pb呈良好线性关系 ,2 0 7Pb/ 2 0 6 Pb和2 0 8Pb/ 2 0 6 Pb为一常数。结合对本区矿床的稀土元素及成矿流体地球化学的研究 ,判定不同层位铅锌矿床是在同一个成矿体系同时形成的 ,一次成矿 ,其成矿年龄为 2 4 5Ma(峨眉运动 ) ;同时说明不同矿床成矿金属有相同的来源 ,主要来自上地幔。成矿硫以来自地层中的硫酸盐还原硫为主 ,幔源硫次之。本区铅锌矿床的成矿作用与峨眉山玄武岩的喷流关系密切 ,这是与著名的MVT型铅锌矿床的显著区别。     

Isolation and algae-lysing characteristics of the algicidal bacterium B5

Water blooms have become a worldwide environmental problem.Recently,algicidal bacteria have attracted wide attention as possible agents for inhibiting algal water blooms.In this study,one strain of algicidal bacterium B5 was isolated from activated sludge.On the basis of analysis of its physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence,it was identified as Bacillusfusiformis.Its algae- lysing characteristics on Microcystis aeruginosa,Chlorella and Scenedesmus were tested.The results showed that:(1)the algicidal bacterium B5 is a Gram-negative bacterium.The 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence homology of strain B5 with 2 strains of B.fusiformis reached 99.86%,so B5 was identified as B.fusiformis;(2)the algal-lysing effects of the algicidal bacterium B5 on M.aeruginosa, Chlorella and Scenedesmus were pronounced.The initial bacterial and algal cell densities strongly influence the removal rates of chlorophyll-α.The greater the initial bacterial cell density,the faster the degradation of chlorophyll-α.The greater the initial algal cell density,the slower the degradation of chlorophyll-α.When the bacterial cell density was 3.6 x l07 cells/ml,nearly 90% of chlorophyll-αwas removed.When the chlorophyll-αconcentration was less than 550μg/L,about 70% was removed;(3)the strain B5 lysed algae by secreting metabolites and these metabolites could bear heat treatment.     

再生水补水对河道底泥细菌群落组成与功能的影响

以北京市永定河麻峪湿地再生水补水河段河道底泥细菌群落为研究对象,联合限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术,16S rRNA基因克隆文库技术和实时荧光定量q PCR技术,分析再生水补水口上游、补水口及补水口下游这3个断面的细菌群落组成与功能特征差异,尝试解释再生水补水对河道底泥细菌群落组成和功能特征的影响.结果表明,再生水中高浓度的碳氮磷含量是导致补水口细菌群落多样性显著升高和群落组成最为丰富的直接原因,人工湿地对碳氮磷浓度有较高的去除效率,净化后底泥细菌群落逐步恢复,表现出上下游相似的细菌群落多样性和结构组成;补水口处细菌群落的优势类群是变形菌门中β-Proteobacteria和δ-Proteobacteria,亚优势类群是Planctomycetes和Actinobacteria,而ε-Proteobacteria、Chloroflexi、Spirochaetes是补水口处的独有类群;氮碳磷循环是再生水补水河道底泥主要的生物地化循环过程,克隆文库中补水口以毛单胞菌属(Comamonas sp.)为优势类群的45.9%的克隆子与氮循环相关,其相对丰度高于上下游(27.7%和23.4%),以溶杆菌属(Lysobacter sp.)为优势类群的17.9%的克隆子与碳循环密切相关,其相对丰度高于上下游(14.4%和12.9%);再生水中携带的痕量病原菌和抗生素等,在一定程度上改变了河道底泥细菌群落碳氮循环的转换方式,表现为补水口处固氮作用主要是红环菌属(Rhodocyclus sp.)通过光合作用实现,上下游以对植物具有促生作用的伯克氏菌属(Burkholderia sp.)为代表进行共生固氮.该研究结果为再生水补水河道人工湿地修复研究提供理论依据.     

用苔藓组织硫含量、S/N比值探讨江西省大气硫沉降

本文通过对江西省"r"型酸控区19个采样点88个细叶小羽藓样品进行分析,发现在大气硫浓度高的地区苔藓组织硫含量也高,说明细叶小羽藓可以作为监测植物指示大气硫污染。江西省苔藓组织硫含量从南往北递增,赣东北苔藓组织有着高的硫含量。南昌市和贵溪市市区苔藓组织硫含量和其相应的郊区苔藓组织硫含量有显著性差异(P<0.01),且市区苔藓组织硫含量明显高于郊区苔藓组织硫含量,说明这两个城市市区苔藓受到了点污染源的影响。对细叶小羽藓组织硫含量和大气SO2浓度进行线性回归分析,发现细叶小羽藓的组织硫含量(y)和大气SO2浓度(x)存在显著线性正相关(y=6.09x+0.16,R2=0.95,P=0.003)。用S/N=0.15把江西省采样点分为两组,贵溪市贵溪冶炼厂周围有着高的大气硫沉降量(组Ⅰ),其它采样点均是硫缺乏或者说是氮过量(组Ⅱ)。     

Fenton 试剂液相氧化法净化含H2S 的气体

利用Fenton 试剂液相氧化法净化含H2S 的气体,研究了初始pH 值、温度、H₂S 浓度、H₂O₂ 浓度、气体流量、[H₂O₂]/[ Fe²⁺]比值、金属离子等因素对H₂S 去除率的影响.结果表明,当pH<2.52 时,pH 值升高,去除率逐渐提高;当pH>2.52 时,去除率下降;pH=2.52 时,去除效率最高.去除率随H₂O₂ 浓度增加而提高;H₂O₂ 浓度一定时,去除率随[H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺]比值的增加而升高;[H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺]接近于1 时达到最大.温度提高,去除率提高.实验条件下,去除率随气体流量的增加而下降.入口H2S 浓度越低去除率越高.Fe3+对Fenton 反应有促进作用,添加金属离子的Fenton 试剂氧化H2S 能力顺序为Fe²⁺+Fe³⁺>Fe²⁺>Fe³⁺.     

生物膜填料塔净化低浓度硫化氢恶臭气体研究

本文研究用生物膜填料塔净化低浓度硫化氢恶臭气体。实验结果表明：用城市污水处理厂污水驯化培养的脱硫菌对硫化物具有较好的降解性。用该菌液挂膜的生物膜填料塔对低浓度硫化氢恶臭气体具有较好的去除效果，最大生化去除量为１９０ｍ ｇ／ｌ·ｈ，控制适宜的液体喷淋量和增加气体在塔内的停留时间可提高生物膜填料塔对硫化氢的生化去除量和净化效率，同时，该塔对二氧化硫废气也有较好的净化效率。在光照有氧的条件下，硫化氢在微生物的作用下被氧化为单质硫和硫酸，但以硫酸为主。