一株兼性嗜冷产甲烷杆菌的分离与系统发育学分析

从云南哀牢山泥土中分离出一株生长温度范围为7～40℃的兼性嗜冷产甲烷杆菌8-1.该菌株革兰氏染色阳性,直径0.2～0.3μm,长2～5μm,具有弯曲和微弯杆状两种形态,不运动,单生﹑成对﹑多数成聚集状态存在.能够利用H2/CO2和甲酸盐生长,不利用甲醇﹑三甲胺﹑乙酸和二元醇类.最适生长条件:温度为35℃,pH值为7.5～8.5,盐浓度为0 mol/L NaCI.最低生长的温度可达到7℃.菌株8-1与标准株Methanobacterium subterraneum strain A8p(=DSM 11074T)的16S rRNA基因序列相似性为99%.     

东亚飞蝗辅酶Q-细胞色素C还原酶基因克隆和序列分析

辅酶Q-细胞色素C还原酶是组成线粒体呼吸链的4种酶复合体之一,对线粒体呼吸链的电子传递起着重要作用.同时,辅酶Q-细胞色素C还原酶还是杀真菌剂(Fungicide)、抗原虫(Antiprotozoan)、抗癌药物(Anticancer drugs)以及抗疟疾(Antimalarial)药物——阿托喹酮(Atovaquone)、氯胍(Proguanil)、布帕伐醌(Buparvaquone)的作用靶标,可将它作为昆虫的药靶,设计和开发新型的杀虫剂.采用RACE方法,克隆了东亚飞蝗[Locusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen)]辅酶Q-细胞色素C还原酶cDNA全序列(GenBank登录号:GU593056.1).获得的cDNA全长939 bp,其中可读框819 bp,编码272个氨基酸,推测其相对分子质量为29.48 ku,等电点为9.19.通过与其它10个物种的细胞色素C还原酶基因的氨基酸序列进行比对,发现东亚飞蝗与家蚕、赤拟谷盗、黒腹果蝇、埃及伊蚊、致乏库蚊、小家鼠、人、丽蝇蛹集金小蜂、蜜蜂和豌豆蚜的辅酶Q-细胞色素C还原酶氨基酸序列同源性分别为72%、72%、66%、63%、60%、59%、59%、58%、57%和56%.     

石油开采防护H2S危害的研究

石油开采的众多硫化物中,H2S所占的比例较大,稠油油藏伴生出了H2S气体,热采工艺加速了H2S的生成和浓度上升;由于H2S使嗅神经麻痹,臭味反而不易嗅到,往往会出现＂闪电＂式中毒死亡,危害极大。在石油开采中应用好常规防护技术和开展新型高效脱硫剂与＂高效吸收固硫剂装置＂的研究具有重要的现实意义;学习借鉴加拿大油田H2S的防护经验,建立我国含H2S油气田井作业许可制度。我们要认真深刻的吸取＂12.23＂重庆开县罗家16H天然气井喷失控硫化氢中毒重大事故的教训,在含H2S油气田井的石油开采中,只有认真搞好H2S防护的安全教育和检测报警工作、落实H2S防护对策、制定详细的事故应急预案、定期组织应急演练,才能达到防患未然的目的。     

蒙德法在垃圾焚烧发电厂安全评价中的应用

随着垃圾焚烧技术的日益成熟,国内掀起了投资垃圾焚烧发电项目的高潮。垃圾焚烧发电安全评价技术在西方发达国家已有较长的发展历史,而国内关于垃圾焚烧发电过程的安全评价方法及研究还比较匮乏。在垃圾焚烧发电过程中存在着粉尘、噪声、毒物、微生物等危害,极易造成人员的伤亡和环境的污染。结合垃圾焚烧发电的实际情况,采用英国帝国化学公司（ICI）蒙德火灾爆炸毒性指数评价方法对某垃圾焚烧发电厂进行评价,得出该垃圾焚烧发电厂不同单元的总危险系数R在补偿前后的差别,说明利用蒙德法能够比较准确地对采取安全措施前后的火灾、爆炸、中毒等危险因素进行预测,并根据评价结果和存在的问题提出有可行性的对策措施。评价结果对今后在垃圾焚烧发电中评价工作有着重要的意义。     

Resource abundance and financial development: Evidence from China

In this paper, we extend the debate on the resource curse by focusing on a new mechanism. Theoretically, resource abundance may have a negative influence on financial development by impacting trade openness, the demand for financial reforms, social capital accumulation and productive investments. Using provincial panel data of China, the empirical analysis confirms such a negative link between mineral resource abundance and financial development. The resource-rich regions tend to have a slower pace of financial development than resource-poor ones. Since the positive relationship between financial development and long-run growth is also confirmed by the analysis, our findings suggest that financial development constitutes an important mechanism through which resource abundance can impact economic performance.     

基于16PF的民航飞行员人格特征及心理健康研究

为研究适合民航飞行员的人格结构模型及心理健康状态,选用卡特尔16种个性因素问卷(16PF)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对飞行员进行综合测试,调查分析其稳定的个性特征和其近期的心理健康状况;选用SPSS中的因素分析方法进行数据分析研究,并以"大五"人格模型为理论指导,研究民航飞行员群体的人格特征模型;通过Pearson相关性分析,研究16PF中的次级因素与SCL-90中症状因子之间的相关性,并进行对比性分析,研究基于16PF测试的人格特征模型和心理健康状况对民航飞行员的综合评估,为飞行员的心理选拔和定期训练提供科学指导。     

Effects of imazethapyr spraying on plant growth and leaf surface microbial communities in Arabidopsis thaliana

Imazethapyr (IM) is an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide that has been widely used in recent years. However, IM spraying can lead to the accumulation of herbicide residues in leaves. Here, we determined the effects of IM spraying on the plant growth and leaf surface microbial communities of Arabidopsis thaliana after 7 and 14?days of exposure. The results suggested that IM spraying inhibited plant growth. Fresh weight decreased to 48% and 26% of the control value after 7 and 14?days, respectively, of 0.035?kg/ha IM exposure. In addition, anthocyanin content increased 9.2-fold and 37.2-fold relative to the control content after 7 and 14?days of treatment, respectively. Furthermore, IM spraying destroyed the cell structures of the leaves, as evidenced by increases in the number of starch granules and the stomatal closure rate. Reductions in photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activity were observed after IM spraying, especially after 14?days of exposure. The diversity and evenness of the leaf microbiota were not affected by IM treatment, but the composition of community structure at the genus level was altered by IM spraying. Imazethapyr application increased the abundance of Pseudomonas, a genus that includes species pathogenic to plants and humans, indicating that IM potentially increased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria on leaves. Our findings increase our understanding of the relationships between herbicide application and the microbial community structures on plant leaves, and they provide a new perspective for studying the ecological safety of herbicide usage.     

Determination of growth kinetics of microorganisms linked with 1,4-dioxane degradation in a consortium based on two improved methods

● Evaluated three methods for determining the consortia’s growth kinetics. ● Conventional method is flawed since it relies on the total biomass concentration. ● Considering only selected bacterial taxa improved the accuracy. ● Considering oligotrophs and copiotrophs further improved the accuracy. The conventional method for determining growth kinetics of microbial consortia relies on the total biomass concentration. This may be inaccurate for substrates that are uncommon in nature and can only be degraded by a small portion of the microbial community. 1,4-dioxane, an emerging contaminant, is an example of such substrates. In this work, we evaluated an improved method for determining the growth kinetics of a 1,4-dioxane-degrading microbial consortium. In the improved method, we considered only bacterial taxa whose concentration increase correlated to 1,4-dioxane concentration decrease in duplicate microcosm tests. Using PEST (Parameter Estimation), a model-independent parameter estimator, the kinetic constants were estimated by fitting the Monod kinetics-based simulation results to the experimental data that consisted of the concentrations of 1,4-dioxane and the considered bacterial taxa. The estimated kinetic constants were evaluated by comparing the simulation results with experimental results from another set of microcosm tests. The evaluation was quantified by the sum of squared relative residual, which was four orders of magnitude lower for the improved method than the conventional method. By further dividing the considered bacterial taxa into oligotrophs and copiotrophs, the sum of squared relative residual further decreased.     

美国州际生态治理对我国跨区域生态治理的启示

美国州际生态治理体系由政府治理、府际合作治理以及特殊组织治理所构成。政府治理涵盖环境管制、生态立法与司法裁决,府际合作治理包含州际协议与央地合作,特殊组织为依照公司化运作的田纳西领域管理局。中、美两国在生态治理领域有一定的相似性,我国跨区域生态治理在立足国情的基础上,可借鉴美国的治理经验,以实现跨区域生态问题的"善治"。     

焦炉煤气用于气体悬浮焙烧炉安全性分析

从安全角度对焦炉爆气在气体悬浮焙烧炉3套煤气燃烧器、安全联锁、预防泄漏、防止爆炸、自动检测的安全性进行了分析论证。