链霉菌S227抗耐药性物质的分离及其活性研究

在抗耐药性活性筛选过程中,发现分离自四川峨嵋山森林土壤的一株链霉菌S227(Streptomyces sp.)的发酵液具有抗细菌抗生素耐药性生物活性.利用已建立的抗耐药性的活性检测方法(专利号:ZL01128969.4)[1]为跟踪手段,采用有机溶剂萃取、硅胶柱层析以及薄层层析等方法,对该菌发酵液中抗耐药性活性物质进行分离纯化,得到了具有抗耐药性的活性单体S227-4,初步鉴定为四聚糖.利用MIC法对该样品的抗耐药活性进行研究:在证明该样品本身不具有抗菌活性的基础上,以临床分离的耐药菌株为指示菌,考察了该样品与抗生素联合使用时对耐药菌抗生素MIC(最小抑菌浓度)值的影响,结果表明,S227-4在不影响耐药菌生长的浓度下与不同的抗生素联合使用,可以明显提高不同耐药菌对不同抗生素的敏感性,如S227-4(200μg/mL)可以使S.aureus12334对红霉素的敏感性提高128倍.图2表2参8     

多环芳烃降解菌ZL5分离鉴定及其降解质粒

通过选择性富集培养，从辽河油田石油污染土壤中分离到一株多环芳烃(PAHs)降解菌ZL5．它能以菲和芘为唯一碳源生长，但是不能利用萘．16S rDNA核苷酸序列分析结果表明，ZL5属于变形细菌α亚类中的鞘氨醇单胞菌属．该菌株含有一个大小约为60kb的质粒．丝裂霉素C消除实验表明，随着质粒的丢失，菌株利用菲和芘的能力也丧失．用电转化和氯化铷转化法分别将菌株ZL5的质粒导人大肠杆菌JM109和DH5α中，随着质粒的获得，这些转化子获得了降解菲和芘的能力．本研究结果表明，鞘氨醇单胞菌ZL5降解PAHs的功能和质粒有关。     

一株降解除草剂膦化麦黄桐(PPT)菌的筛选与鉴定

从喷洒有除草剂的土壤中分离到一株能分解膦化麦黄桐(PPT)的细菌.该菌在以PPT为唯一碳源的培养基上生长,能利用PPT的最高浓度为2. 7g/L.采用常规生理生化鉴定方法,并结合16SrDNA序列分析法对该菌进行鉴定.结果表明,该菌与生癌肠杆菌(Enterobactercancerogenus)序列相似性为99. 3%,在细菌分类学上属于肠杆菌.将它命名为Enterobactersp. PPT. 图4表2参7     

Residential Radon in U.S. Counties V Lung Cancer in Women Who Predominantly Never Smoked

Previous studies have found that mean-residential-radon (Rn) levels for U.S. counties are negatively associated with age-adjusted county rates of lung-cancer mortality (LCM), after adjustments for potentially confounding factors. Those results may be due to (a) confounding unaddressable by any county-level (ecological) study design, or (b) county-level factors such as Rn/smoking or age/radon correlations or exposure misclassifications from the use of disparate data sources. Possibilities (b) were addressed by comparing age-specific LCM rates for white women in 2821 U.S. counties who died in 1950–54 at age 40+ (11% of whom ever smoked), or at age 60+ (% of whom ever smoked), to county Rn levels newly estimated from U.S. Rn, climatic and geological-survey data. Significant negative LCM v Rn trends were found for both age groups, after adjusting for age and subsets of 21 county-level socioeconomic, climatic and other factors. Negative trends were largest for counties with 100 Bq m^–3 Rn (p 0.00087; 420 analyses). Adjusted relative risk (RR_adj) for LCM was significantly elevated (1 < [95% conf. limits on RR_adj] 1.46) in 43 of 210 analyses comparing LCM rates in counties with > 150 Bq m^–3 v 65–100 Bq m^–3 Rn, most involving adjustment for climate- and education-related factors likely to have influenced exposure to indoor air contaminants such as Rn and cigarette smoke. Though inconclusive due to potential ecological-fallacy-related confounding that could not be controlled, results from this ecological study are most consistent with a U-shaped dose-response relationship between 1950–54 LCM risk and U.S. residential radon in white women who predominantly never smoked.     

农业面源污染模型研究进展

综述了农业面源污染模型国内外研究进展,介绍了常用的面源污染模型概念与适用范围,明确"3S"技术与SWAT、AGNPS等模型有机结合是当今面源污染模型的研究热点。提出我国面源污染模型未来研究的重点是围绕水质改善目标,建立面向全流域尺度的面源污染负荷估算方法,构建完整的基础监测数据网络,为建立符合我国流域特性的面源污染模型提供支撑。     

Efficiency of Modified H2S Test for Detection of Faecal Contamination in Water

Faecal contamination is a major causative factor for incidence of water borne infectious diseases. Certain hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) producing enteric bacteria such as Salmonella sp. and Citrobacter sp., assosiated with coliforms, have been considered for rapid detection of recent faecal contamination in water. The basic H₂S test medium, modified by adding 0.25 gm/L of L-cystine HCl, was examined for its efficiency with 90 water samples collected from 40 pipe supplies, 20 open wells, 15 hand pumps and 15 different surface water bodies (river, streams and ponds). Sterilized modified culture medium in glass vials was inoculated with 100 mL of each sample and incubated at 20, 25, 30, 35 and 44 ^∘C for 18, 24, 42, 48, 66 and 72 h. Blackening of content in incubated vials was considered positive. For comparison, most probable number (MPN) of coliform and faecal coliform per 100 mL was also estimated in each sample by multiple tube fermentation (MTF) method. H₂S positive result was exhibited by 78% of samples. Coliform (> 10) and faecal coliform/100 mL were also detected in 59% of samples. Maximum H₂S positive results (100%) were found with well and surface water samples incubated at 30, 35 and 44 ^∘C for 18 h. Coliform (> 10) and faecal coliform/100 mL were also detected in most of these samples. Pipe supplies (60%) and hand pumps (73%) also exhibited considerable H₂S production. Coliforms and faecal coliforms were also found in significant number of these samples. Thus, the modified H₂S test may prove a useful alternative indicator of faecal contamination for water quality surveillance and screening of large number of water samples in short duration, particularly during any outbreak of water borne disease among rural population.     

湖泊富营养化评价的S型曲线通用表示式

在适当设定富营养化指标的“本底”值情况下 ,当指标值用对应于“本底”值的相对值表示时 ,可采用 S型曲线描述湖泊富营养化发展程度 ,从而公式中的参数可视为与指标特性无关 ,采用遗传算法对公式中的参数优化 ,得到对多项指标通用的富营养化程度的指数计算公式 ,并用广义对比因子赋权新方法计算富营养化综合指数。该评价方法物理意义明确 ,计算简单 ,使用方便 ,具有可比性和通用性     

氯磺酚S质子化常数、解离常数的测定和极谱还原特性的研究

本文用电位法和光度法研究了氯磺酚S在水溶液中的电离作用,确定pH5.0时试剂和铝(Ⅱ)配合物存在的主要形态。试验表明氯磺酚S的电极过程是具有氧化态吸附的不可逆过程,测定了电子转移数、迁越系数和电极表面饱和吸附量,并探讨了电极反应机理。     

石油钻井过程硫化氢污染和化学控制技术的研究与发展

根据硫化学的基础理论,分析和探讨了石油钻井过程硫化氢污染产生原因和化学控制原理,评述了硫化氢化学控制技术的研究与发展状况