3S技术在衔接主体功能区规划与土地利用管理中的应用

主体功能区规划的基本任务是优化国土开发格局,其与国土资源部“加强国土规划、土地利用总体规划的整体控制作用”这一主要职能有着共同目标内涵,因此,理顺主体功能区规划和土地利用管理的关系,将二者有机衔接已成为促进国土合理规划与开发、提高土地利用管理水平的重要基础。研究以3S技术应用流程为主线,从主体功能区规划与土地利用管理衔接的需求、定位与内容出发,分别从数据获取与集成管理、空间评价、区划界线划分与协调以及辅助决策和智能应用等方面探讨数据库、模型库、空间分析以及空间多准则决策和元胞自动机等3S技术在二者衔接过程中的理论基础和实践应用,特别是对应用3S技术实现主体功能区宏观引导作用,发挥土地利用调控功能进行了系统分析,为促进基于主体功能区规划的土地利用与管理工作提供技术参考。     

微生物溶解载铀赤铁矿及再固定铀的试验研究

将载铀赤铁矿、核黄素(RF)和Sphingomonas sanxanigenens(S.sanxanigenens)同时投加到培养基中,监测培养过程中溶液的总铁、亚铁以及U(VI)浓度的变化,表征载铀赤铁矿还原性溶解前后固相产物中铁和铀的化学形态与价态,分析温度、共存离子对RF介导S.sanxanigenens还原性溶...     

RETROFIT OF HYDROPOWER CAPACITY AT CONEMAUGH DAM1

ABSTRACT: This paper describes a preliminary investigation of the hydropower potential at the existing Conemaugh Dam, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers project located in the Kiskiminetas River Basin, Pennsylvania. The objective of the study was to determine the most cost effective layout of power production facilities for each of four possible installed capacities. Based on preliminary cost estimates and monthly power production computations, a layout using standard tube turbines in a powerhouse constructed on the face of the emergency spillway would produce the cheapest energy at a capacity of 8 to 10 megawatts (MW).     

AN ASSESSMENT OF WATER UTILITY INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THEIR USE OF COMPUTERS1

To provide an overview of water utility information systems and the extent of computer use, a direct mail survey of all water utilities serving populations of 2,000 or more in the tri-state area - Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky - was conducted. The following was determined: 1) utility profile information, e.g., public/private ownership, age, number of accounts, etc.; 2) an assessment of the degree of computerization presently in place to perform various functions; and 3) an assessment of any plans that the utilities may have for future computerization. To analyze the data, an index of computerization was defined as the number of departments or major activity areas of each utility that presently have some computerization. The relationship between the degree of computerization (measured by this index) and a utility's profile in terms of population served, annual revenue generated, and the number of customer accounts is discussed for each state in the survey. Discriminant analysis revealed strong significant differences between utilities that plan to use computers and those that do not. The differences were identified by the authors. Survey results revealed a rather limited use of computers in the tri-state area. Enormous potential exists in small and medium sized utilities for computerization to improve operational efficiency.     

Educational issues, school settings, and environmental psychology

This paper reviews selected research on classroom and school environments, using a framework that views schools from three perspectives—as places for learning, as places for socialization and as places for psychological development. Studies are included that deal with the impact of noise and classroom design on learning; the relationship between seating position, achievement and status; spatial cognition; the classroom environment and sex role stereotyping; privacy; and density. The need for classrooms to enhance children's feelings of competence, security and self-esteem is also stressed. The goal of the paper is to point out ways in which environmental psychologists can contribute to the improvement of the educational system and to the quality of life in schools.     

台湾岛高分一号卫星WFV数据气溶胶反演与验证

针对国产中等分辨率遥感数据的特性,集成暗像元和深蓝算法的优势,提供了一种能够同时对低反射率和高反射率地表类型实现AOD反演的方法.基于该方法,以台湾岛为例,利用高分一号卫星(GF-1)WFV数据反演得到550 nm处的AOD.与MODIS气溶胶产品(MOD04)进行比较,二者空间分布具有很好的一致性,总体相关系数r优于0.9.利用全球气溶胶自动观测网(AERONET)站点数据进行反演结果的验证.反演结果与AERONET实测值具显著的相关性(r0.85),70%的反演结果满足误差精度要求.通过与暗像元法、深蓝算法的反演结果进行对比,本文方法在结果精度和空间覆盖度方面具有独特的优势.在台湾岛地区,夏、冬季分别采用海洋型和大陆型气溶胶模式比较适合;随着GF-1卫星数据空间分辨率的降低,气溶胶反演结果与地基观测值的相关性系数呈现先降低、后平稳的趋势,但整体变化不是太大.     

改性煤矸石对上覆水磷及底泥磷代谢关键基因的影响

将热活化煤矸石和镧改性煤矸石应用于封闭水体除磷固磷试验,采用16SrRNA高通量测序技术分析底泥微生态群落结构、聚磷细菌和磷代谢功能基因的变化.结果表明：镧改性煤矸石对上覆水TP的去除能力最高,稳定期上覆水TP浓度为0.023~0.028mg/L,较对照组低83.5%以上,热活化煤矸石对上覆水TP的去除能力较差,稳定期上覆水TP浓度为0.15mg/L左右,略低于对照组.热活化煤矸石和镧改性煤矸石均提高了底泥中微生物多样性,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）为底泥优势菌种.不同处理组底泥中聚磷细菌为Tetrasphaera和Candidatus_Accumulibacter,镧改性煤矸石显著降低了底泥中聚磷细菌的相对丰度.热活化煤矸石和镧改性煤矸石对多聚磷酸盐激酶（PPK）影响不大,但对外切聚磷酸酶（PPX）的抑制较大,热活化煤矸石抑制最大.     

Inhibition effect of magnetic field on nitrous oxide emission from sequencing batch reactor treating domestic wastewater at low temperature

This study aims to investigate the effect of a magnetic field on nitrous oxide(N_2O) emission from a sequencing batch reactor treating low-strength domestic wastewater at low temperature(10℃).After running for 124 days in parallel,results indicated that the conversion rate of N_2O for a magnetic field-sequencing batch reactor(MF-SBR) decreased by34.3% compared to that of a conventional SBR(C-SBR).Meanwhile,the removal efficiencies for total nitrogen(TN) and ammonia nitrogen(NH4-N) of the MF-SBR were 22.4% and 39.5% higher than those of the C-SBR.High-throughput sequencing revealed that the abundances of AOB(Nitrosomonas),NOB(Nitrospira) and denitrifiers(Zoogloea),which could reduce N_2O to N_2,were promoted significantly in the MF-SBR.Enzyme activities(Nir) and gene abundances(nos Z nir S and nir K) for denitrification in the MF-SBR were also notably higher compared to C-SBR.Our study shows that application of a magnetic field is a useful approach for inhibiting the generation of N_2O and promoting the nitrogen removal efficiency by affecting the microbial characteristics of sludge in an SBR treating domestic wastewater at low temperature.     

松花江表层沉积物中16种多环芳烃空间分布特征及生态风险评价

为揭示松花江干支流表层沉积物中16种PAHs（多环芳烃）的空间分布特征及其生态风险状况,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了2017年9月松花江干支流26个表层沉积物16种PAHs质量分数特征,并采用比值法对其污染来源进行解析,运用沉积物质量基准法和质量标准法评价其生态风险状况.结果表明:①松花江干支流表层沉积物中w（∑₁₆PAHs）为169.76~3 769.19 ng/g,以3~6环高环为主,并且支流w（∑₁₆PAHs）（范围为169.76~3 769.19 ng/g,平均值为1 598.41 ng/g）高于干流（范围为459.92~2 092.58 ng/g,平均值为1 173.67 ng/g）,呈从上游到下游逐渐降低的趋势.②松花江干支流表层沉积物中w（∑₁₆PAHs）主要来源于生物质燃烧和石油燃烧.③松花江干支流表层沉积物中w（∑₁₆PAHs）总体处于低生态风险水平,个别支流点位（3个）会发产生经常性生态风险.研究显示,松花江流域干支流表层沉积物中w（∑₁₆PAHs）呈从上游到下游逐渐降低的趋势,并且支流高于干流,但总体处于低生态风险水平.