A Nationwide Analysis of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Reservoir Performance in Meeting Operational Targets

The United States (U.S.) Army Corps of Engineers operates reservoirs across the U.S. with 89% of reservoirs constructed prior to 1980. Many reservoirs have experienced changes in environmental conditions (e.g., climate and sediment yield) and societal conditions (e.g., water/energy demand and ecological flows) since construction. These changes may challenge the potential for reservoirs to meet their operational targets (OTs) (management goals). Historic daily reservoir data and OTs were collected for 233 reservoirs. Analyses were developed to identify when and where reservoirs may be systematically departing from OTs in terms of the frequency and magnitude of departure. Fifty‐six percent of reservoirs consistently met operating targets, 30% were borderline, and 13% experienced frequent and large magnitude departures. Fifty‐two percent of reservoirs with large departures were due to shortages and were located in the South Pacific and Southwestern divisions. This work provides a framework to identify reservoir performance in relation to management goals, a necessary step for moving toward adaptive management under changing conditions. All individual reservoir analyses are provided via an interactive data visualization tool: https://nicholasinstitute.duke.edu/reservoir-data .     

工业高浓度苯胺废水处理技术研究

染料厂、农药厂、制药厂等工业都会产生含有高浓度苯胺的废水，处理苯胺废水的方法较多，本文通过实验的方式着重研究了膜萃取法处理高浓度苯胺废水，并通过分析实验结果得出了相应结论。     

The explosion parameters of methanol under variable pressures and 423 K

The high-temperature and high-pressure methanol one-step oxidation has been the primary process for the mass production of dimethoxymethane. However, the risk of explosion for this process is still not properly defined. This paper presents new results from the experimental study on the explosion characteristics, including the explosion pressure and the explosion limits for methanol/air mixtures with a variable oxygen level, under an initial pressure between 0.3 MPa and 0.75 MPa and at the initial temperature of 423 K. The upper explosive limits were found to increase along with the initial pressure. If the limits for normal air are known, the oxygen effect on flammability is predictable from the thermal balance method. With a correlation for the pressure effect and a method for the oxygen effect, we can have the flammable range predictable.     

基于耕地资源约束的中国大豆生产能力研究

论文首先在理论上系统分析了耕地资源约束与农产品生产能力之间的关系;以东北地区和黄淮海地区的大豆生产为重点,对主产区大豆生产的经济效益及影响大豆生产的资源、环境等其他问题进行了研究;并以县为基本单元,对中国大豆主产区未来大豆最大可能生产规模进行了预测;在分析大豆主产区大豆综合生产潜力基础上,研究提出了2020年之前中国大豆的最大可能生产能力在2800×10⁴～3400×10⁴t左右。但由于中国大豆生产和大豆加工存在严重的空间布局错位,应实施“南进北出”的大豆贸易战略;东北平原区的三江平原和松嫩平原是大豆增产潜力最大的地区,但该地区也是玉米主产区,扩大大豆种植面积必然带来玉米种植面积的下降,也将影响未来中国玉米的供求,所以,在耕地资源有限的情况下,应在“耕地资源-农产品”系统中研究耕地资源与农产品的综合平衡问题。     

两株菲降解菌株的特性及其系统发育分析

从石油污染土壤中分离到两株可以菲为唯一碳源的细菌菌株,经形态和生理生化特性分析,脂肪酸含量分析和16S rDNA序列同源性鉴定, 两菌均属鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas),菌株ZX4为少动鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas paucimobilis),而菌株EVA17与该属内已知菌的序列同源性在93%~98%之间,推测可能为一新种.两菌株在不同碳源培养基上的生长曲线表明菲对细菌生长有明显的延滞作用.菌株EVA17全细胞蛋白质电泳图谱揭示该细菌在菲诱导下可出现诱导性蛋白,推测可能为一些解毒酶或降解酶.菲降解细菌在以结晶态菲为碳源时生长速率明显低于以粉末态菲为碳源时的生长速率,表明细菌与菲间的接触面积是限制其利用菲的一个重要因素.分离菌株谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST酶)具有可与1-氯-2,4-二硝基苯(CDNB)结合的活性.添加表面活性剂吐温-80可促进细菌对菲的利用.     

循环流化床锅炉脱硫的试验研究

本研究是在1台75t/hCFB锅炉上进行炉内添加石灰石脱硫工业实验,得出燃烧高硫无烟煤时Ca/S、床温、煤中含硫等对脱硫效率的影响。在对实验结果进行分析的基础上,提出了燃用高硫煤的循环流化床(CFB)锅炉实际应用炉内脱硫最佳Ca/S和最佳控制参数。     

不同磷质量浓度体系中pH变化对铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻竞争的影响

铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻分别是太湖中最为常见的蓝藻和绿藻.微囊藻在湖泊中形成优势是微囊藻水华发生的重要条件.在模拟太湖水的竞争实验(ρ(磷)分别为0.012,0.112,0.412和1.612 mg/L)中,四尾栅藻均形成优势,而且在稳定期时pH达到10以上.但用0.04 mol/L HCl将pH都降到5.8后,2种藻的增殖都出现明显的变化,在ρ(磷)低于0.412 mg/L时,四尾栅藻优势变得更加明显;而在ρ(磷)为1.612 mg/L时,铜绿微囊藻则形成优势.说明pH对蓝藻和绿藻竞争的影响在不同ρ(磷)的水体中是不同的.      

复合生物滤池处理NH3和H2S混合恶臭气体的实验研究

采用复合生物滤池处理NH₃和H₂S酸碱混合气体,其中复合生物滤池由生物滴滤池和生物过滤池组成.研究表明:在气体流量为0.9～1.4 m3/h,气体质量浓度为15 mg/m3,营养液喷淋量为4.56 L/h时,出气NH₃和H₂S的质量浓度分别达到<恶臭污染物排放标准>(GB14554-93)中的一级和二级排放标准,除臭效果好.研究还表明:复合生物滤池中微生物的生长条件差别较大,在生物滴滤池内生长的微生物为枯草芽孢杆菌、钟虫等细菌,而在生物过滤池内生长的微生物则为白曲霉菌、葡萄球菌等真菌.      

超(近)临界流体溶剂在反应和分离技术中的应用

超(近)临界流体(S/NCF)具有可调性,通过调节压力和温度或加入共溶剂能够提高S/NCF溶剂中反应和分离的效率,使之具有可控性,有利于改善环境和提高经济效益本文以超临界CO₂和近临界水为例,总结了S/NCF溶剂在可持续反应和分离中的应用和研究进展.