三甲胺降解细菌的分离、降解特性及其系统发育分析

分别从稻田土壤和城市污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离得到 2株三甲胺降解菌 2 2和 5 1 .分离菌株为革兰氏染色反应阴性的球菌和短杆菌 ,菌株大小为球菌直径 0 5～ 0 9μm ,短杆菌长 0 9～ 1 2 μm ,不运动 .分离菌株均能在好氧和厌氧条件下利用三甲胺作为唯一碳源 ,生成中间产物二甲胺和甲胺 ,最终将其矿化 .根据其生理生化性状和 1 6SrDNA序列分析结果表明 ,分离菌株为副球菌属 (Paracoccussp .) ,其序列与Paracoccusaminovorans菌株序列的相似性均为 98 8% .     

环境样品中亚硝酸细菌amoA基因的克隆与测序

对从环境样品中分离的亚硝酸细菌(Ammonia oxidizingbacteria)amoA基因进行克隆与测序,为构建基因工程菌打下基础。采用亚硝酸细菌选择性培养基,从4个不同的畜牧养殖污水处理厂采集的样品(分别编号为1,2,3,4)在室温下富集培养2个月后,采取酚氯仿抽提的方法提取DNA。根据已报道的亚硝化单胞菌(Nitrosomonassp.)amoA基因序列,设计引物AMOB AMOE,并在AMOB,AMOE的5′-端分别加上了BamHⅠ和HindⅢ的限制性酶切位点,以利于进一步酶切和克隆。用AMOB AMOE对4种样品的DNA进行PCR扩增,PCR产物进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析。结果表明,4种样品中1号和3号样品扩增得到预期长度的DNA片段,2号和4号样品扩增没有得到预期片段。回收纯化PCR产物与pGEM-T载体连接,构建amoA基因测序载体,并转化E.coliM15。测序结果提交GenBank进行Blast分析。结果显示,扩增得到的DNA片段均与Nitrosomonassp.GH22的amoA基因有99 7%的同源性,可从环境中分离的亚硝酸细菌中克隆出amoA基因。      

Elevated alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin as a marker for placental trisomy 16 in the second trimester?

In a series of 2961 consecutive cases with second-trimester biochemical triple screening for Down's syndrome and neural tube defect (NTD), ten (0.3 per cent) showed an apparent increased risk for both conditions. Three cases had chromosomal abnormalities, namely trisomy 16 confined to the placenta. Since placental trisomy 16 as well as cases with increased alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are associated with (intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), oligohydramnios, and fetal demise, at least some cases with this atypical biochemical profile could be explained by this chromosomal abnormality. From our results we recommend that in cases with increased risk for both Down's syndrome and NTD, fetal karyotyping should preferably be done on a placental biopsy, especially when ultrasound in the absence of anomalies demonstrates early IUGR.     

生物炭吸附硫化氢机制与影响因素研究进展

硫化氢(H₂S)是现代社会工业生产过程中最常见的气体污染物之一,具有高毒性、腐蚀性和污染性,若处理不当会对自然环境与人类健康造成危害.生物炭因具备良好的吸附特性以及低成本和制备来源广等优点,在环境污染治理领域有着广泛的应用前景.目前生物炭吸附硫化氢技术在国内外受到越来越多的关注,但影响生物炭吸附硫化氢的因素复杂多样,需要对相关知识和研究进展进行系统地总结和归纳.从生物炭特性、吸附影响因素(生物质原料、热解温度、热解停留时间、粒径)、调控手段(包括湿度、吸附温度、吸附操作条件、改性活化)以及吸附硫化氢机制,对国内外生物炭吸附硫化氢的研究进展进行综述,通过选择合适的生物炭原材料、制备条件和优化生物炭吸附条件,从而为实现生物炭对硫化氢的高效去除提供更多的参考信息.     

浅谈“5S”在环境监测业务管理中的应用研究

将“5S”管理概念应用到环境监测业务管理工作中.将“5S”针对企业管理的方法引入环境监测业务工作中,从工作环境、工作纪律、工作方法、工作安全方面进行一系列的应用.引入“5S”概念改进环境业务管理要求、提高环境监测工作效率、提升环境监测人员素质、加强环境监测的规范性和有效性,以一流的设备、技术、人才和管理,为用户提供高效优质的服务.“5S”管理理念应用于环境监测业务管理有助于环境监测业务工作的建设和提升.     

两株溶藻细菌的分离鉴定及其溶藻特性

从富营养化池塘中筛选分离出两株溶藻细菌L7和L18,通过生理生化实验及16SrDNA测序进行鉴定,对其单一以及混合菌液去除铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、水华鱼腥藻(Anabaena flos-aquae)的效果进行研究,并考查其溶藻方式。结果表明:菌液的滤液有溶藻效果,溶藻细菌具有间接溶藻特性;细菌需要一定的初始浓度才能有明显的溶藻效果,初始浓度越高,溶藻效果越好;溶藻效果大致趋势为混合菌液>L18>L7;不同生长时期溶藻菌,其滤液的溶藻效果差异很大,衰减期的滤液溶藻效果好于对数生长期和稳定期的;滤液投加体积分数与溶藻效果成正相关;细菌鉴定结果表明,L7为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),L18为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacilluspumilus)。     

Pd/activated carbon sorbents for mid-temperature capture of mercury from coal-derived fuel gas

Higher concentrations of Hg can be emitted from coal pyrolysis or gasification than from coal combustion, especially elemental Hg. Highly efficient Hg removal technology from coal-derived fuel gas is thus of great importance. Based on the very excellent Hg removal ability of Pd and the high adsorption abilities of activated carbon（AC） for H2 S and Hg, a series of Pd/AC sorbents was prepared by using pore volume impregnation, and their performance in capturing Hg and H2 S from coal-derived fuel gas was investigated using a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor. The effects of loading amount, reaction temperature and reaction atmosphere on Hg removal from coal-derived fuel gas were studied. The sorbents were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. The results indicated that the efficiency of Hg removal increased with the increasing of Pd loading amount, but the effective utilization rate of the active component Pd decreased significantly at the same time. High temperature had a negative influence on the Hg removal. The efficiency of Hg removal in the N2-H2S-H2-CO-Hg atmosphere（simulated coal gas） was higher than that in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres, which showed that H2 and CO, with their reducing capacity, could benefit promote the removal of Hg. The XPS results suggested that there were two different ways of capturing Hg over sorbents in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres.     

镍、锌、铝对羊角月芽藻(Selenastrum capricornutum)生长及酶活性影响研究

研究了不同浓度镍，锌，铝对常见绿藻羊角月芽藻生长速度，蛋白质含量，ＡＴＰ水平，葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酶，酸性磷酸酶及硝酸还原酶活性的影响。结果表明３种金属离子在所试浓度范围内对羊角月芽藻的生长速度均有抑制作用，但单位藻培养物中蛋白质含量却随着金属离子浓度的增加而增加；高浓度金属离子对酶活性有明显抑制作用；藻细胞中ＡＴＰ水平随着金属离子浓度的增加而下降。