耐高浓度As(Ⅲ)菌株的16S rDNA鉴定及对其As(Ⅲ)氧化酶性质的研究

对从某研究所含砷废水中分离筛选得到的一株耐高浓度As(Ⅲ)且能氧化As(Ⅲ)的菌株(AS-01)进行16 S-rDNA基因序列相似性分析,将该菌株鉴定为恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)。该菌28 h内对As(Ⅲ)的氧化率达29.8%。对该菌亚砷酸盐氧化酶的酶学性质初步研究表明,该氧化酶的最适宜作用温度为30℃,最适宜pH为6.0,且为亚砷酸盐诱导型酶。     

烟花爆竹安全生产核心问题研究

烟花爆竹生产作为高危行业,具有很高的风险性和危险性。烟花爆竹安全事故频繁发生,重大事故也时有发生。为改变这种局面,降低烟花爆竹安全事故发生的机率及后果的严重性,本文根据我国当前烟花爆竹的生产和管理现状,对我国烟花爆竹安全生产的核心问题进行了研究,分析了烟花爆竹的危险性和事故发生的原因,结合黑龙江伊春"8.16"特别重大烟花爆竹爆炸事故调查的经历,从技术和管理两个层面提出了有针对性的安全保障措施和建议,对我国烟花爆竹行业的安全生产和监管提供指导和参考。     

一株嗜碱产甲烷八叠球菌的分离鉴定与系统发育分析

在15℃条件下用产甲烷菌培养基对采自四川省红原县的牦牛粪进行富集培养,采用Hungate厌氧操作技术从富集培养物中分离得到一株在8~45℃范围生长、最适生长pH为8.5的嗜碱产甲烷菌T13.该菌株革兰氏染色阳性,细胞聚集体,在液体培养基中为肉眼可见的颗粒状物,在固体培养基上菌落为淡黄色桑葚状;可利用甲醇、乙酸盐和甲胺作为唯一碳源生长;对氯霉素和庆大霉素敏感;生长pH范围为6.5~9.5;最适NaCl浓度为0~0.15 mol L-1;最适生长温度为30℃.形态和生理生化特征以及16S rDNA序列分析表明菌株T13为梅氏产甲烷八叠球菌(Methanosarcina mazei).由于该菌最适生长pH为8.5,所以初步认为菌株T13是一株梅氏产甲烷八叠球菌的新菌株.     

一株聚丁二酸丁二醇酯降解菌的分离鉴定

以聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）为唯一碳源,通过滤纸片法对西安郊区土壤中可有效降解PBS聚合物的微生物进行分离,并成功获得一株降解效果最为明显的细菌菌株,其在30 d内可使PBS聚合物的数均分子量降低19.80%。采用生理生化实验以及16S rDNA序列对比分析对该菌株进行了鉴定。结果表明,该菌株的生理生化特征与铜绿假单胞菌属相似,且其16SrDNA序列与Pseudomonas aeruginosa 39016 contig 00492的核苷酸序列同源性达99%,结合生理、生化指标鉴定结果,进一步确定该菌株为铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudanonas aeruginosa）。该菌株的分离鉴定为进一步研究PBS聚合物的生物降解特性及机理等奠定了基础。     

利用剩余污泥水解酸化液合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯的研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥水解酸化产物为原料,研究了罗氏真养菌(Ralstonia eutropha)H16在水解酸化液中的生长规律和聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHAs)积累特性,同时分析了H16对水解酸化液中各种有机酸组分的利用规律. 结果表明,以剩余污泥52℃中温水解酸化48h的水解酸化液为培养基,在HAc水解酸化液(C/N/P=100/10/1, TOC＝2881mg/L,乙酸占总有机酸含量36.1%)中,H16最先利用乙酸和正丁酸来进行自身的生长和PHAs的合成,合成的主要产物是聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB);随后开始利用丙酸和正戊酸,在此过程中聚羟基戊酸酯(PHV)的含量也逐步上升,菌体量同步增长, H16在40h左右处于平稳期,并且达到最大积累率为12.51%(占菌体干重);最后利用的是异丁酸和异戊酸,但是此时H16已经进入衰亡期,菌体量和PHAs合成率都在下降.当以HVa水解酸化液(C/N/P=100/10/1, TOC＝2358mg/L,异戊酸占总有机酸含量29.0%)为培养基时, H16在18h达到生长的峰值,24h达到PHAs合成率的最大值为32.14%(占菌体干重),PHV为PHAs的主要形式.     

抚顺西露天油页岩可培养微生物的分离与鉴定

为了解油页岩中可培养微生物的多样性,利用稀释平板培养法对我国抚顺盆地西露天组油页岩中可培养微生物进行分离纯化,并对所获菌株进行16S rDNA(细菌)和rDNA ITS(真菌)序列测定和系统发育树分析.以营养琼脂培养基分离到8株细菌,以马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基分离到4株真菌.16S rDNA序列测定结果表明细菌菌株属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属(Lysinibacillus),短杆菌属(Brevibacillus),类芽胞杆菌属(Paenibacillus)和红球菌属(Rhodococcus); rDNA ITS序列测定结果显示真菌菌株分别属于芽枝霉属(Cladosporium),曲霉属(Aspergillus),犁头霉属(Absidia)和正青霉属(Eupenicillium). 2株细菌(ZK4和ZK5)能够在以油页岩为唯一碳源和氮源的固体培养基上连续生长5代以上,且长势良好, 可作为油页岩生物转化的潜力菌株进行深入研究.     

Isolation and characterisation of cadmium-resistant bacteria from an industrially polluted coastal ecosystem on the southeast coast of India

A total of 35 bacterial strains were isolated from the industrially polluted Cuddalore coast, on the southeast coast of India. Of these, 17 strains were cadmium resistant and the remainder were sensitive. Six strains (C-1, C-8, C-10, C-12, C-14 and N-1) were selected based on high levels of cadmium tolerance (>150 mg L^?1) and were termed highly cadmium-resistant bacteria (HCRB). These HCRB were identified on the basis of morphological, biochemical and partial sequencing of their 16S rRNA genes. The antibiotic-susceptibility patterns and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of different metals (Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺) against each HCRB were determined. Among the isolates, C-14 showed high degrees of metal and antibiotic resistance compared with other HCRB. Growth rates of HCRB at two different Cd²⁺ concentrations (50 and 100 mg L^?1) and under different metal conditions (Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺) were also investigated. HCRB growth rates were lower in the metal-treated condition than in the untreated condition. Isolates C-14 and N-1 removed>80% of Cd²⁺ from cadmium-treated broth. However, isolate C-14 removed 92.3% of Cd²⁺ compared with 86.5% for isolate N-1. Bacteria showing residual growth rates under metal stress conditions might be useful in metal removal applications under growing conditions.     

Evidences showing 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron-induced DNA damage in cyanobacteria and detection by PCR

The impact of 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron in inducing DNA damage in three species of cyanobacteria-Anabaena fertilissima, Aulosira fertilissima, and Westiellopsis prolifica as evidenced by PCR-based assays: RAPD and 16S rRNA amplification was examined. Exposure of genomic DNA (in vitro) to pencycuron for 4 days did not produce severe damage in DNA fragments of all three cyanobacterial species whereas exposure to 2,4-D ethyl ester markedly inhibited the template activity of genomic DNA compared to untreated cultures of A. fertilissima. In A. fertilissima a single band of approximately 1000?bp was observed even after 16 days of exposure to 60?ppm pencycuron which suggests that certain segments of DNA are resistant to pencycuron DNA damaging effects. However, a significant effect was observed in the case of W. prolifica for 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron where complete disappearance of fragments was not recorded even after 16 days of incubation and interestingly some new DNA bands were induced. Similar to the effects with RAPD profile, amplification of rRNA was significantly inhibited following exposure of genomic DNA to 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron. Our findings clearly demonstrate that pesticide concentrations affected cyanobacterial DNA and lethality of these microbes might be due to irreversible DNA damage. Thus, it is postulated that PCR assays may be conveniently used for screening DNA damage produced by 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron in all three cyanobacteria examined in this study.     

甲醛降解细菌的分离鉴定和降解效果测定

从某化工厂污水处理系统的活性污泥中分离纯化得到一株能降解甲醛的革兰氏阳性菌,对其进行形态及生理生化特性测定,提取并纯化其基因组DNA,通过PCR扩增菌株的16S rDNA,测序结果表明,该菌株和苏云金芽孢杆菌的同源性为100%。在含1.2 μL/mL的甲醛的培养基上培养该菌36 h后,甲醛降解去除率达到72％以上。     

聚乙烯醇降解菌的筛选鉴定及其降解特性的研究

从绍兴水处理发展有限公司的曝气池污泥中筛选到6株聚乙烯醇（ PVA）降解功能菌株,编号为rF1、rF2、rF3、rF4、rF5和rF6。通过16S rDNA测序比对表明其分别为Pseudochrobactrum sp、解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacil－lus amyloliquefaciens）、芽孢杆菌（Bacillus sp）、门多萨假单胞菌（Pseudomonas mendocina）、杆菌属（Lysinibacillus sp）、不动杆菌（ Acinetobacter sp ）。在自配培养基中,有3株菌PVA降解率可达70％～80％,在印染废水中,有5株菌PVA降解率可达到90％以上。其中rF1、rF2和rF5无论是在自配培养基还是印染废水中都具有较好效果,表明具有一定的实际应用价值。