Postnatal placental confirmation of trisomy 2 and trisomy 16 detected at chorionic villus sampling: A possible association with intrauterine growth retardation and elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein

Detection of trisomy 2 and trisomy 16 mosaicism through chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is not an infrequent finding. We describe here two cases, one of non-mosaic trisomy 2 and the other of high level mosaicism for trisorny 16. Amniocentesis in both cases demonstrated non-mosaic 46,XY karyotypes. Each pregnancy continued to delivery of liveborn, normal-appearing boys; both pregnancies were complicated by severe intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Postnatal studies of placental biopsies in both cases confirmed the original CVS findings, whereas cord blood karyotypes were normal in both boys. Both children have demonstrated adequate catch-up growth.     

Uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 16 in a growth-retarded infant with congenital heart disease

We report a growth-retarded infant with congenital heart disease and maternal isodisomy for chromosome 16. Non-mosaic trisomy 16 was detected at mid-trimester chorionic villus sampling, performed because biochemical screening indicated an increased Down's syndrome risk. Further karyotyping analysis of the placenta, after delivery, showed a 50 per cent mosaic trisomy 16. The infant had an atrioventricular (A-V) canal defect, scoliosis, and several minor dysmorphic features. Although uniparental disomy for chromosome 16 has been reported previously, to our knowledge this is the first case of uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 16 which has been investigated with multiple DNA probes.     

利用16S-23S rDNA RFLP及16S rRNA基因序列分析方法对湖北省饭豆(Vigna umbellata L.)根瘤菌系统发育的研究

采用16S-23S rDNA间隔区段(IGS)PCR-RFLP与16S rRNA基因部分序列分析的方法对饭豆根瘤菌进行了遗传多样性及系统发育分析.由16S-23S rDNA IGS PCR-RFLP分析可知,所有菌株在52%的相似性水平上聚在一起,形成了慢生型菌群与快生型菌群这两大菌群.群Ⅰ中,在79%相似性的水平上分为ⅠA与ⅠB两个分支.群Ⅱ中,在62%相似性的水平上分为ⅡA与ⅡB两个分支,分支ⅡA在72%的相似性水平上进一步分为ⅡA1、ⅡA2和ⅡA3三簇;分支ⅡB中的饭豆根瘤菌与标准菌株USDA205T聚在一起,表现的差异并不大.由16SrRNA基因部分序列分析结果可知,供试的4个代表菌株分别位于不同的系统发育分支中.CYR4243与Sinorhizobium fredii的模式菌株USDA205T的序列相似性达到了99.87%.HCY1101与Rhizobium leguminosarum中的三叶草生物型(bv.trifolii)和豌豆生物型(bv.viceae)这两个生物型的参比菌株亲缘关系最近,序列相似性为100%.HCY5202与R.galegae亲缘关系最近,序列相似性为99.86%.CYY3302与Bradyrhizobium elkanii的参比菌株USDA86有最近的亲缘关系,序列相似性近似于100%.图4表1参13     

孔雀石绿降解菌M3的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

从鱼塘底泥中筛选分离出1株能高效降解低含量孔雀石绿(MG)的细菌M3.经16S rDNA同源性序列分析,鉴定为泛菌属(Pantoea sp.).30 ℃静止培养条件下,该菌株对0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0 mg·L-1孔雀石绿5 d的降解率分别为97.54%、97.1%、100%和77.8%.菌株M3不能以MG为唯一碳源进行生长和代谢.葡萄糖、NH4NO3、KH2PO4/K2HPO4均能影响菌株M3对MG的降解.20～30 ℃温度范围内菌株M3对MG有明显降解效果,且降解速率随温度上升而提高.     

油田土壤中脱除有机硫菌株的分离与鉴定

从中原油田采集的土壤样品中分离得到有脱除有机硫(二苯并噻吩)能力的菌株ZYX。该菌株为革兰氏染色阳性,无运动性,专性需氧,固体培养基上菌落为浅黄色、圆形、湿润、有光泽、边缘整齐,培养2d后平均直径为1.5mm,在液体培养基中有明显的杆-球状生长周期。对该菌株的16SrDNA的全序列测序,并进行DNA同源性分析,发现它与与Arthrobactersp.P2的同源性为99.53%,其主要形态及生理生化特征也与Arthrobacter属相符。实验表明,最佳生长所需的DBT浓度是0.01g·L-1,最适pH值为7.0,最佳碳源和氮源分别为甘油和谷氨酰氨。     

从油田分离的两株嗜热产孢子硫酸盐还原菌系统进化分析

为了寻找极端微生物资源,将来自油田环境的微生物作为研究对象,分离得到两株硫酸盐还原菌.菌株CW02来自于油田联合污水处理站里的地面污水,兼性厌氧,能在pH为2.8的酸性培养基中生长,耐受最高矿化度为30.0g/L,最高生长温度为48℃,可利用苯环化合物为唯一碳源生长.菌株CW03取自于4000多米深原油井的原油分离水中,严格厌氧,不耐酸,能够在68℃的温度下生长,可利用较短碳链的有机化合物.两株菌都是直或弯的杆状,革兰氏阳性,有极生鞭毛,产孢子.通过16SrDNA测序以及在线的Blast系列比对分析:两株菌均属于细菌界(Bacteria),厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),梭菌纲(Clostridia),梭菌目(Clostridiales),蛋白胨链球菌科Peptococcaceae,脱硫肠状菌属(Desulfotomaculum),与该属中的种Desulfotomaculumnigrificans和Desulfotomaculumaeronauticumd相似性达到98%.但是通过多重序列比对构建进化树的方法分析发现,菌株CW03属于古细菌界,与古细菌界的古生球菌属进化距离较近.图5表2参32     

苯酚降解菌CM-HZX1菌株的分离、鉴定及降解性能研究

从污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离出一株以苯酚为唯一碳源生长的高效降解苯酚菌CM-HZX1.通过形态特征、生理生化及16S r DNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定菌株属于红球菌(Rhodococcus sp.),16S r DNA在Gene Bank的登录号为KM014567.实验结果表明,菌株CM-HZX1培养及降解苯酚的最适条件为p H=7.0,温度30℃,转速为150 r·min~(-1).该菌株能耐受4%的盐度,适应性强.0.5 g·L~(-1)苯酚在24 h时的降解率可达93.6%,1.5 g·L~(-1)苯酚在48 h时的降解率在90%以上.研究表明,该菌株在处理工业含酚废水方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

对苯二甲酸降解菌的筛选鉴定及其降解特性的研究

从本公司生物曝气池中筛选分离到了5株能高效降解对苯二甲酸(PTA)的菌株,编号为T1,T3,T5,T6,T7.利用16S rDNA测序后进行序列比对分析结果表明其分别为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp),不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp),松鼠葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus sciuri),松鼠葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus sciuri),恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida).在30度,pH7.5,1％接种量的条件下,培养72 h,PTA的降解率可达97％以上.对实际的印染废水中的PTA也有较好的降解效果,培养48 h后降解率最高可达65.6％.其中T1,T3有一定的实际应用价值.     

城市污泥及落叶蚯蚓处理最优条件因子实验研究

蚯蚓的环境生态作用具有促进微生物和其他土壤动物活动、消化分解土壤中重金属的功能,并且能够破碎与分解枯落物。通过城市污泥和城市落叶发酵后建立起蚯蚓养殖基床,以赤子爱胜蚓为主体,通过蚯蚓对污泥中重金属的富集作用实现城市污泥无害化,达到城市污泥与落叶资源化的目的。通过设计四因子四水平正交试验探索赤子爱胜蚓处理城市污泥及落叶的最优条件组合。实验结果表明:在落叶添加比例为35%,蚓床湿度为75%,培养温度为14℃,饲养密度为32mg/g时,赤子爱胜蚓对城市污泥和落叶的处理指标达到峰值,蚯蚓床对于污泥中重金属Cu和Zn的富集量分别为274.32μg/箱和420.98μg/箱,处理效果最佳。     

The metabolism of neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam by soil enrichment cultures,and the bacterial diversity and plant growth‐promoting properties of the cultured isolates

A soil enrichment culture (SEC) rapidly degraded 96% of 200 mg L^?1 neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam (TMX) in MSM broth within 30 d; therefore, its metabolic pathway of TMX, bacterial diversity and plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) activities of the cultured isolates were studied. The SEC transformed TMX via the nitro reduction pathway to form nitrso, urea metabolites and via cleavage of the oxadiazine cycle to form a new metabolite, hydroxyl CLO‐tri. In addition, 16S rRNA gene‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that uncultured rhizobacteria are predominant in the SEC broth and that 77.8% of the identified bacteria belonged to uncultured bacteria. A total of 31 cultured bacterial strains including six genera (Achromobacter, Agromyces, Ensifer, Mesorhizobium, Microbacterium and Pseudoxanthomonas) were isolated from the SEC broth. The 12 strains of Ensifer adhaerens have the ability to degrade TMX. All six selected bacteria showed PGPR activities. E. adhaerens TMX‐23 and Agromyces mediolanus TMX‐25 produced indole‐3‐acetic acid, whereas E. adhaerens TMX‐23 and Mesorhizobium alhagi TMX‐36 are N₂‐fixing bacteria. The six‐isolated microbes were tolerant to 200 mg L^?1 TMX, and the growth of E. adhaerens was significantly enhanced by TMX, whereas that of Achromobacter sp. TMX‐5 and Microbacterium sp.TMX‐6 were enhanced slightly. The present study will help to explain the fate of TMX in the environment and its microbial degradation mechanism, as well as to facilitate future investigations of the mechanism through which TMX enhances plant vigor.