华大基因造就世界最大基因工厂

华大的各个部门,他们也起用了年轻人喜欢的称呼：实习培训的地方被称为“华大军校”,用于科学研究的地方被称为“特种兵团”。     

一株产黑色素海洋细菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化

从山东近岸海域海水中分离得到一株产黑色素细菌Sl,通过对S1菌株的菌落形态观察、生理生化性质检验及16SrDNA序列测定,初步鉴定为明亮发光杆菌(Photobacterium phosphoreum).为了提高S1菌株黑色素产量,采用单因素实验设计对S1菌株进行发酵条件优化,结果表明当发酵条件为L-酪氨酸0.75 g/...     

一株产黑褐色色素海洋放线菌的研究

从舟山群岛潮间带海域中分离到一批产色素的海洋放线菌,用滤纸片法进行抑菌试验,并对目标菌株进行鉴定,然后对其所产色素进行粗提,测色素的最大吸收波长,研究理化因子对其影响.结果表明筛选到产黑褐色色素的菌株B2,其对Vibrio parahaemolyticus和Escherichia coli具有较好的抑制作用,色素初步研...     

二(噁)烷降解菌D4的分离、鉴定与降解特性

从生产聚酯切片污水曝气池中,分离到一株能以二(噁)烷(1,4-二氧六环)为唯一碳源生长的菌株D4.经形态观察、生理生化实验、16S rDNA基因序列分析,该菌被鉴定为短小芽胞杆菌(Bacillus pumilus).D4降解二(噁)烷的最适条件为pH7.0、30℃,接种量10%,在24,48h内对1000mg/L 的二(噁)烷降解率分别为83.7%和85.6%,随着二(噁)烷浓度的升高,降解率下降.     

Purification of total DNA extracted from activated sludge

Purification of the total DNA extracted from activated sludge samples was studied. The effects of extraction buffers and lysis treatments (lysozyme, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sonication, mechanical mill and thermal shock) on yield and purity of the total DNA extracted from activated sludge were investigated. It was found that SDS and mechanical mill were the most effective ways for cell lysis, and both gave the highest DNA yields, while by SDS and thermal shock, the purest DNA extract could be obtained. The combination of SDS with other lysis treatment, such as sonication and thermal shock, could apparently increase the DNA yields but also result in severe shearing. For the purification of the crude DNA extract, polyvinyl polypyrrolidone was used for the removal of humic contaminants. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, potassium acetate and phenol/chloroform were used to remove proteins and polysaccharides from crude DNA. Crude DNA was further purified by isopropanol precipitation. Thus, a suitable protocol was proposed for DNA extraction, yielding about 49.9 mg (total DNA)/g volatile suspended solids, and the DNA extracts were successfully used in PCR amplifications for 16S rDNA and 16S rDNA V3 region. The PCR products of 16S rDNA V3 region allowed the DGGE analysis (denatured gradient gel electrophoresis) to be possible.     

RFLP技术在湖泊微生物多样性研究中的应用

文章介绍了一种不依赖于传统培养方法的限制性酶切片段长度多态性技术(RFLP),在湖泊微生物多样性研究中的应用、及其优缺点,并针对湖泊微生物基因组DNA的提取方法和16SrDNA片段的PCR优化条件等方面进行了探讨。     

啤酒废水处理系统高效菌株的分离筛选与分析

从啤酒废水处理系统SBR池中取得的水样,分离纯化得到菌株35株,分别以进站原水和水解酸化池出水作为污水培养基,进行COD降解试验,复筛后分别得到3株COD降解率高且降解效果稳定的细菌12#,15#,23#与15#,25#,31#。将高效菌株与SBR池的活性污泥混合,考察其对啤酒废水的处理效果,结果表明,23#与活性污泥交互作用时在原水污水培养基中摇床培养16h COD降解率达到75.13%;25#与活性污泥交互作用处理水解酸化池出水120h时降解率达到82.40%。对4株高效菌株15#,23#,25#,31#进行16S rDNA序列测定,将所得序列与GenBank中已登录的相近细菌种群的DNA序列对比,得到高度同源性的细菌菌种。     

北戴河近岸沉积物中微生物16SrDNA的PCR—RFLP分析

采用间接法提取了北戴河地区近岸沉积物中微生物的总DNA,以细菌的通用引物27F和1492R扩增16S rDNA片段,将扩增产物克隆到T-载体上,并转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞,构建沉积物中细菌16S rDNA克隆文库.PCR扩增基因文库中插入的16S rDNA外源片段,用两种限制性内切酶Hha Ⅰ和Rsa Ⅰ分别酶切,获得该海洋沉积物131个克隆的酶切指纹图谱.结果表明:HhaⅠ和Rsa Ⅰ联合酶切产生了41个基因分型,文库的覆盖度达74.81%,Hha Ⅰ和Rsa Ⅰ单酶切产生的基因分型分别为30和22,但文库的覆盖度高:克隆文库中存在一种优势类群,占总克隆的23%.16S rDNA测序结果表明:北戴河近岸沉积物中的细菌在分类方面主要属于α-和γ-变形杆菌亚门.     

一株嗜酸硫氧化细菌的分离鉴定及生长特性

从北京清河污泥中分离出一株硫氧化细菌,命名为QH-1,并对该菌株进行了分离鉴定.同时,初步研究了该菌株对几种重金属离子的耐受能力.结果发现,该菌株为革兰氏阴性,短杆状,需氧型,可从氧化还原态的硫元素中获得能量.QH-1菌株具有很好的产酸和耐酸能力,培养24h后pH即可下降到2.0,1周内可达到1.0以下,对数生长期为15d,进入稳定期时pH降为0.6.QH-1菌株的16S rRNA基因测序与分析表明,该菌株与Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans strain AAU具有99%以上的16S rRNA基因序列相似性.通过构建该菌株在相关种属中的系统发育树,并结合形态与生理生化特征分析,将QH-1菌株鉴定为氧化硫嗜酸硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans).QH-1菌株对Zn2+和Cu2+有一定的耐受性,对Mo2+的耐受性较差.     

Isolation and characterization of ferrous- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from Tengchong solfataric region, China

Microbial oxidation and reduction of iron and sulfur are important parts of biogeochemical cycles in acidic environments such as geothermal solfataric regions. Species of Acidithiobacillus and Leptospirillum are the common ferrous-iron and sulfur oxidizers from such environments. This study focused on the Tengchong sofataric region, located in Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Based on cultivation, 9 strains that grow on ferrous-iron and sulfuric compounds were obtained. Analysis of 16S rRNA genes of the 9 strains indicated that they were a liated to Acidithiobacillus, Alicyclobacillus, Sulfobacillus, Leptospirillum and Acidiphilium. Physiological and phylogenetic studies indicated that two strains (TC-34 and TC-71) might represent two novel members of Alicyclobacillus. Strain TC-34 and TC-71 showed 94.8%–97.1% 16S rRNA gene identities to other species of Alicyclobacillus. Di erent from the previously described Alicyclobacillus species, strains TC-34 and TC-71 were mesophilic and their cellular fatty acids do not contain !-cyclic fatty acids. Strain TC-71 was obligately dependent on ferrous-iron for growth. It was concluded that the ferrous-iron oxidizers were diversified and Alicyclobacillus species were proposed to take part in biochemical geocycling of iron in the Tengchong solfataric region.