污灌与镉胁迫对菠菜几种抗氧化酶活性的影响（Effects of Sewage Irrigation and Cadmium Stresses on the Activities of Several Antioxidant Enzymes of Spinach）

为了探讨污水灌溉与镉胁迫对菠菜抗氧化酶活性的影响,采用盆栽试验的方法,分别用清水和生活污水配制不同浓度(0、1、5、10、50mg·L-1)的Cd2+溶液,对菠菜进行受试处理,每5d灌喷1次,共处理5次.分别采用邻苯二酚比色法、L-苯丙氨酸比色法、水杨酸比色法和高锰酸钾滴定法,对菠菜叶片多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、β-1,3葡聚糖酶(β-1,3glucanase)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性进行了测定.结果表明:1)清水处理系列:随着镉处理浓度的增大,与清水对照相比,PPO、PAL活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,CAT活性略有升高,β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性略有降低,各暴露组与清水对照组相比,均呈现显著差异(p<0.05).2)污水处理系列:随着镉处理浓度的增大,与污水对照相比,PPO、PAL活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,CAT和β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性呈逐渐降低趋势;各暴露组与污水对照相比,均呈现显著差异(p<0.05).3)相同Cd2+浓度下,与清水处理相比,各浓度污水处理PAL和PPO活性均明显降低(p<0.05);而β-1,3葡聚糖酶明显升高(p<0.05).以上结果显示:单一镉污染和生活污水与镉复合污染对菠菜不同抗氧化系统酶具有不同影响,这可能与污水中各成分与镉的相互作用有关.     

17α-乙炔基雌二醇在微塑料上的吸附和解吸行为

以内分泌干扰物17α-乙炔基雌二醇（EE2）作为目标污染物,系统研究了5种微塑料聚酰胺（PA）、聚乙烯（PE）、聚氨酯（TPU）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）和聚苯乙烯（PS）对EE2的吸附动力学、吸附等温线及解吸作用.微塑料对EE2的吸附动力学和吸附等温线的结果表明,5种微塑料对EE2的吸附能力为PA>TPU>PE>PVC>PS;5种微塑料中TPU和PA具有最大的吸附能力和吸附容量,主要归因于氢键产生的化学吸附;而PE、PS、PVC主要是依靠范德华力的相互作用.因PA和TPU对EE2的吸附能力更强,两者的解吸量均高于其他3种物质.采用解吸率来反映不同微塑料的解吸性能,发现EE2在PS中的解吸率最高,PA和TPU上解吸率相对较低.采用单因素重复测量方差分析统计学方法对EE2在5种微塑料上的解吸特性进行分析,EE2在PS与其他4种微塑料之间表现为显著性差异,其余微塑料两两之间无显著性差异;尽管肠胃液中解吸率高于去离子水,但两者并无显著性差异.     

Effect of different pearling times on the quality of hull-less barley rice北大核心CSCD

Hull-less barley is a special food crop rich in various nutrients in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Six-pearling is often used to produce commercial hull-less barley rice in order to improve its rough taste and inferior cooking quality. This study evaluated the differences in the nutritional, cooking, sensory, and storage qualities of hull-less barley rice with different pearling times to obtain suitable processing conditions for the production of high-quality hull-less barley rice. With increasing pearling time, the contents of vitamin B6, vitamin E, dietary fiber, iron, zinc, phenols, and flavonoids significantly decreased to a large extent, protein and vitamin B3 decreased slightly, the contents of total starch and β-glucan increased significantly, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) initially increased and then decreased. The peak, trough, and final viscosity of whole grain barley were 1 860.50 cP, 914.50 cP, and 2 150.00 cP, respectively, and increased after six-pearling to 4 219.00 cP, 2 628.00 cP, and 5 074.00 cP, respectively. At the same time, the water absorption and volume expansion of the pearled hull-less barley increased significantly. The hardness of pearled hull-less barley reduced from 4 708.50 g to 2 282.00 g, its adhesiveness increased from 0.00 to -7.33, and its taste and sensory quality exhibited better. The activities of α-amylase, polyphenol oxidase, lipase, and catalase in pearled hull-less barley slightly decreased. Hull-less bran flour is rich in a variety of nutritional components and could be a potential resource with great developmental value. In general, hull-less barley rice obtained from three-pearling has high nutritional value, high cooking quality, low enzyme activity, and low energy consumption; therefore, it can be used to produce high-quality barley rice. This study provides important information for high-quality pearled hull-less barley and further utilization of barley bran flour. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

β-环糊精微球吸附对苯二酚单甲基醚的动力学研究

研究了以β-环糊精(β-CD)和环氧氯丙烷为原料,采用反相悬浮聚合法合成的β-CD微球对对苯二酚单甲基醚( HQMME)的静态吸附行为,分析了吸附热力学性质和动力学特征.实验结果表明:β-CD微球对HQMME的吸附过程同时符合Lagergren一级吸附动力学方程和McKay二级吸附动力学方程;β-CD微球对HQMME的吸附等温线可同时用Langmuir等温吸附方程和Freundlich等温吸附方程描述;在不同温度下,β-CD微球吸附HQMME的吸附焓变、吸附熵变、吸附吉布斯自由能变均为负值,说明吸附是一个自发、放热的过程.     

Aerobic degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether by a Proteobacteria strain in a closed culture system

The contamination of methyl ten-butyl ether （MTBE） in underground waters has become a widely concerned problem all over the world. In this study, a novel dosed culture system with oxygen supplied by H2O2 was introduced for MTBE aerobic biodegradation. After 7 d, almost all MTBE was degraded by a pure culture, a member of β-Proteobacteria named as PMI, in a closed system with oxygen supply, while only 40% MTBE was degraded in one without oxygen supply. Dissolved oxygen （DO） levels of the broth in closed systems respectively with and without H2O2 were about 5-6 and 4 mg/L. Higher DO may improve the activity of monooxygemase, which is the key enzyme of metabolic pathway from MTBE to tert-butyl alcohol and finally to CO2, and may result in the increase of the degrading activity of PM1 cell. The purge and trap GC-MS result of the broth in closed systems showed that tea-butyl alcohol, isopronol and acetone were the main intermediate products.     

基于甘蔗渣衍生碳量子点的荧光适配体探针的制备及其对17β-雌二醇的检测效果

为实现灵敏、快速、特异性地检测水环境中的17β-雌二醇 (E2) ,以甘蔗渣衍生的碳量子点作为荧光信号,核酸适配体 (aptamer) 作为识别元素,构建了一种可以特异性检测E2的荧光探针,通过荧光强度的变化来定量检测E2并对检测效果进行分析。结果表明：核酸适配体能成功修饰在碳量子点的表面形成稳定的荧光探针;200 mg·L⁻¹的碳量子点与1 μmol·L⁻¹的aptamer为荧光探针的最佳构建比例;相对荧光强度与0~10 μg·L⁻¹质量浓度的雌二醇成正比,且最低检测限为0.42 μg·L⁻¹;该荧光探针可成功应用于水体中E2的检测,回收率为93.6%~106.5%。与传统的仪器检测方法相比,该荧光探针检测E2具有良好的选择性和重现性,还具有操作简单、成本低的优点。本研究成果可为核酸适配体构建的荧光探针在水环境检测中的推广应用提供参考。     

Prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia major by fetal blood analysis: Experience with 1000 cases

In this report we have summarized our experience with the prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassemia in 1000 pregnancies followed at least until 12 months after birth. In the majority of these cases, the thalassemia lesion was the nonsense mutation at the codon corresponding to amino acid 39, which produces the hematological phenotype of β-thalassemia. Fetal blood sampling was carried out by placental aspiration, by which a sufficient amount of fetal blood for analysis was obtained in the majority of cases (99 per cent). The fetal mortality associated with fetal blood sampling was 6·3 per cent. Those placental samples contaminated by maternal cells were successfully purified by Ørskov lysis. Fetal blood was analysed by globin chain synthesis on CM–52 columns, which gave reliable results. Two misdiagnoses (0·2 per cent) have been made of which one was due to a non-globin protein co-migrating with the β-chains while the other resulted from a misclassification of the type of thalassemia segregating in the family.     

46,XY/47,XY,+ 17p+ mosaicism in amniocytes associated with fetal abnormalities despite normal fetal blood karyotype

46,XY/47,XY, + 17p + mosaicism was found in two primary amniotic fluid cultures (AFCs). Fetal blood karyotype was normal, but ultrasonography revealed Dandy-Walker malformation and bilateral choroid plexus cysts. Following termination of pregnancy, fetal examination revealed post-axial polydactyly and neuroblastoma-in-situ affecting both adrenals in addition to the cerebellar abnormalities. Mosaicism for the aberrant cell line was confirmed in all fetal tissues sampled and in the placenta.     

Mosaic trisomy 17 in amniotic fluid cells not confirmed in the newborn

A case of true fetal mosaicism 46,XY/47,XY, + 17 was diagnosed in amniotic fluid cells. After genetic counselling and unsuccessful periumbilical blood sampling the pregnancy continued to term, and a healthy male infant was born. Lymphocytes of the newborn had a normal karyotype. Follow-up of the child at age 18 months showed normal physical and mental development indicating that the trisomic cell line was restricted most probably to the extra fetal tissue.     

HLA-A,B,C,DR typing and 17-OHP determination for second trimester prenatal diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficient CAH

In 18 families at risk for the HLA-linked, 21-hydroxylase deficient form of autosomal recessive congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), prenatal diagnosis (PD) was performed using two methods: (1) HLA-A,B,C typing and in the latter 11 cases also DR typing of cultured amniotic fluid cells (AFC) using the standard microcytotoxicity assay, and (2) measurement of second trimester amniotic fluid 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) concentration using gel chromatography and radioimmunoassay. The accuracy of the prenatal predictions was confirmed by postnatal HLA typing of umbilical cord blood lymphocytes and by clinical evaluation. In 16/18 families, both HLA typing of AFC and 17-OHP measurements proved informative for PD. The predictions of both methods were concordant in 14/16 families (88 per cent). In ten of these families, a normal fetus was predicted, and in four, an affected fetus; all pregnancies were carried to term and all predictions were confirmed postnatally. In 2/16 cases (12 per cent), however, the predictions were discordant: the prenatal HLA typing indicated an affected fetus, whereas the 17-OHP values predicted a normal fetus. Both pregnancies were continued and two healthy boys were delivered. The discordance proved to be due to a ‘missed’ HLA antigen in one case and to serologically cross-reactive HLA antigens in the second. Finally, in 2/18 cases, prenatal assessment of fetal genotype had to rely on HLA typing alone as 17-OHP measurement was not performed in one family and in the second family the 17-OHP values obtained were not informative due to inadvertent continuation of hormone therapy to the date of amniocentesis. In both cases, the HLA typing data accurately predicted a normal fetus. In conclusion, a combination of HLA typing of cultured AFC and 17-OHP measurements of amniotic fluid permits accurate prenatal diagnosis of CAH in most cases (88 per cent). In addition, the supplementary use of HLA-DR typing of AFC as presented here for the first time proved helpful in families with HLA-A.B homozygosity due to parental sharing of antigens and can be informative for identifying HLA-B/21-OH recombinant haplotypes.