Gas stable isotopic ratio mass spectrometry for measuring δ^13C and δ^18O in background atmospheric CO2

将商用MAT253稳定同位素比质谱仪、Airtrap高效预浓缩气体捕集阱与自加工16口自动进样器集成,建立了高精度气体稳定同位素比质谱分析系统,用于程序化自动分析本底大气CO2的δ^13C和δ^18O．气样分析时用工作标气定量并穿插目标气测定,还定期用实验室上一级标气对工作标气和参比气进行标校,以保证分析结果的可靠和可比．结果表明,利用不同稳定同位素比范围的标气重复进样测试,发现该系统对δ^13C和δ^18O的分析精度分别优于0．03‰和0．06‰,能基本满足本底大气CO2的碳氧稳定同位素比分析需求和WMO／GAW质量目标．     

采用生物滴滤塔处理高浓度有机废气的试验性应用

生物滴滤塔处理高浓度有机废气直接在应用工程中进行试验,气体停留时间20s,通过控制pH值及盐度等措施,当进气浓度低于600mg/L时,处理效率能达到80%以上。     

二株产壳聚糖酶海洋微生物的筛选和鉴定

采用不同培养基对海水养殖场环境样品进行壳聚糖酶产生菌的分离,结果表明海水培养基对于菌株筛选有显著的促进作用,同时甲壳类外壳是壳聚糖酶产生菌的良好来源。KJT-A和KJT-D是从海水养殖场蟹壳表面分离到的两株壳聚糖酶产生菌株,结合形态学观察、生理生化反应和分子生物学鉴定,初步确定菌株KJT-A和KJT-D分别为假单胞菌属(Pseudo-monas)和青霉属(Penicillium)。同时分析了不同温度、盐度对两株菌株生长的影响。     

一株嗜酸硫氧化细菌的分离鉴定及生长特性

从北京清河污泥中分离出一株硫氧化细菌,命名为QH-1,并对该菌株进行了分离鉴定.同时,初步研究了该菌株对几种重金属离子的耐受能力.结果发现,该菌株为革兰氏阴性,短杆状,需氧型,可从氧化还原态的硫元素中获得能量.QH-1菌株具有很好的产酸和耐酸能力,培养24h后pH即可下降到2.0,1周内可达到1.0以下,对数生长期为15d,进入稳定期时pH降为0.6.QH-1菌株的16S rRNA基因测序与分析表明,该菌株与Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans strain AAU具有99%以上的16S rRNA基因序列相似性.通过构建该菌株在相关种属中的系统发育树,并结合形态与生理生化特征分析,将QH-1菌株鉴定为氧化硫嗜酸硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans).QH-1菌株对Zn2+和Cu2+有一定的耐受性,对Mo2+的耐受性较差.     

不同形态铁对脱色希瓦氏菌S12偶氮还原的影响

以脱色希瓦氏菌(Shewanella decolorationis)S12为材料,研究了不同形态铁对其厌氧偶氮还原的影响.结果表明,Fe(Ⅲ)对偶氮还原的影响与其形态及浓度直接相关.不可溶性Fe(Ⅲ)对偶氮还原表现延缓作用,0.05～2 mmol/L的Fe2O3均延缓0.2mmol/L的苋菜红还原,但作用效果不随Fe2O3浓度的增加而成比例强化.而对于可溶性Fe(Ⅲ),0.4 mmol/L浓度以下对0.2mmol/L的苋菜红还原具有一定的促进作用,作用效果与其浓度变化不呈线性关系.1 mmol/L浓度以上则表现为抑制作用,浓度越高其抑制作用越强,这种现象在电子供体不足的情况下尤为明显.进一步研究发现,可溶性Fe(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)均具有缓解双香豆素对醌循环的抑制作用而促进偶氮还原.由此推测,可溶性铁对偶氮还原的促进作用是由于这些化合物的细胞透过性,在低浓度条件下形成Fe(Ⅱ)Fe(Ⅲ)氧化还原循环,充当电子传递的中间媒介,通过发挥电子穿梭功能从而促进细菌的偶氮还原.而高浓度条件下可溶性Fe(Ⅲ)优先大量接受来自电子供体的电子而与偶氮化合物竞争,其电子穿梭功能被掩盖,从而抑制偶氮还原.对于不可透过细胞的不可溶性Fe(Ⅲ),只是作为胞外电子受体与强极性的偶氮化合物竞争电子从而仅仅呈现延缓作用.通过对铁的形态及浓度的适当选择与控制可以获得更高效的偶氮还原效率.     

多功能细菌复合系NSC-7的菌种组成多样性

NSC-7是一组具有降解纤维素和林丹双重功能的细菌复合系.为系统了解复合系的菌种组成,在有氧条件下,利用传统的平板画线法分离到11株单菌,将11株单菌按体积比1∶1重新组合并不具备分解纤维素的能力,利用单层和双层平板滤纸法检测NSC-7的分解能力,发现只有双层平板上的滤纸变黄且降解,说明复合系内纤维素降解的关键菌是厌氧或微好氧菌.利用现代分子生物学技术对NSC-7构建克隆文库,获得了195个16S rDNA片断,经DGGE筛选获得25个代表克隆,其序列数据库比对结果中有60％的近缘种为已知菌,分别归属于Clostridium、Petrobacter、Bacteria、Paenibacillus、Proteobacterium 5个属,其余40％的近缘种为难培养菌株.     

H2S废气处理研究进展

回顾了国外近几年的硫化氢（H2S）废气处理方法及未来研究方向。研究表明,生物法、吸收法、吸附法依然占据主导地位,但研究内容更为深入,涉及面更广泛。有关H2S在环境中的逸散模型的建立和降解反应机理模型表述亦受到关注,这对于环境中H2S浓度的预测、采取相应的处理方法和提高环境管理水平有着深远的意义。     

Cloning, expression in Escherichia coli, and enzymatic properties of laccase from Aeromonas hydrophila WL-11

A strain WL-11 with high laccase activity was isolated from activated sludge collected from the effluent treatment plant of a textile and dyeing industry.It was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila by physiological test and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.A gene encoding of laccase from a newly isolated Aeromonas hydrophila WL-11 was cloned and characterized.Nucleotide sequence analysis showed an open reading frame of 1605 bp encoding a polypeptide comprised of 534 amino acids.The primary structure of the enzyme predicted the structural features characteristic of other laccases,including the conserved regions of four histidine-rich copper-binding sites.The predicted amino acid sequence showed a high homology(more than 60%) with bacterial laccases in the genome and protein databases and the highest degree of similarity(61% identity) was observed with the multicopper oxidase of Klebsiella sp.601.When expressed in Escherichia coli,the recombinant enzyme was overproduced in the cytoplasm as soluble and active form.The purified enzyme had an optimum pH of 2.6 and 8.0 for ABTS(2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazolinesulfonic acid) and DMP(2,6-dimethoxyphenol),respectively.The kinetic study on ABTS revealed a higher affinity of this enzyme to this substrate than DMP.     

自养硝化细菌的分离、鉴定及系统发育分析

以城市污水处理厂A2O工艺中好氧活性污泥为菌源,筛选出2株自养型硝化细菌N3和N4.转接2株菌株至液体分离培养基中培养14d,经检测,2株菌株的硝化效果均可达100%.通过形态观察、生理生化试验初步鉴定表明,这2株菌株均属于硝化杆菌属.利用PCR扩增、克隆、测序对菌株作进一步鉴定,测序结果提交GenBank进行同源性检索,并通过MEGA软件进行比对和系统发育分析.16SrDNA序列分析表明,这2株菌株与维氏硝化细菌的同源性高达98%.     

Bacterial diversity in Fez tanneries and Morocco’s Binlamdoune River, using 16S RNA gene based fingerprinting

Tannery wastewater causes serious ecological and sanitary damage. Chemical analysis of water from Binlamdoune River of the medina of Fez was conducted and the results revealed the presence of toxic elements from tanneries and other industrial activities, which strongly a ected water quality. To determine the e ectiveness of bioremediation for depollution, we studied the abundance and diversity of bacteria residing in these polluted environments. Conducting denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of the 16S rDNA area using primers related to bacteria showed a bacterial community belonging to eubacterial groups, that is, Epsilonproteobacteria, Clostridia, Lactobacillales, Bacteroidetes, Gammaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria. In addition, cloning displayed the presence of clones belonging to the Firmicutes group. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy revealed a significant heterogeneity of microorganism forms and structures. These endogenous microbes could have a significant role in the purification of Binlamdoune River and Fez tannery wastewater.