基于卫星遥感与地面监测分析北京大气NO_2污染特征

分析了1999—2010年北京大气NO2地面质量浓度、2004年以来北京及周边NO2柱浓度的变化.结果表明：1999—2007年来北京大气NO2质量浓度以升高为主.2008年实施奥运空气质量保障措施极大地缓解了北京NO2污染状况,地面质量浓度与垂直柱浓度都出现不同程度的回落.2009年北京大气NO2污染又有所反弹,但低...     

核辐射的直接后果:癌症

地震后,日本福岛核电站发生爆炸,这牵动着众人的心。据科学家介绍,破损的核电站可,能释放出一系列放射性物质,一些物质相对无害,而另一些却极具危险性,比如碘-131和铯-137。     

地沟油飞行会成为主流吗?

创航空史新纪录的“地沟油航班”,近日成功完成了由英国伯明翰飞往西班牙兰萨洛特的首航。据悉,这架飞机在燃料中加入了5070的“氢酯和脂肪酸”,也就是俗称的“地沟油”。事实上,发达国家在上世纪70年代也曾出现过地沟油横行的情况。不法商贩把地沟油再加工后悄悄卖给餐馆去“二次使用”。追根溯源,正是微观个体对经济利益的片面追求,才导致了地沟油的使用乱象。     

"80后富二代"和他的 "黑豹野保站"(上)

当不少同龄人还沉迷在网游、酒吧中时,一位“80后富二代”却怀着泽被生灵的大爱之心,倾尽所有自建野生动物保护站。他长年肩扛探险装备,穿梭在荒野山林间,守护着野生动物,并用镜头记录下它们的美丽瞬间。他曾被猎枪顶住脑袋,也多次遭到森林野兽的袭击……虽几经生死,并花光了11年来所有的积蓄,却矢志不渝地坚守了下来。一位原本生活越优的富家小伙,缘何对“野保”事业情有独钟？他又有着怎样的传奇经历甲     

青岛大气气溶胶中氨基化合物的分布特征

氨基化合物是大气气溶胶和雨水中常被检出的一类有机氮化合物,由于其可作为生物生长直接的氮源,因此可能对海洋生态系统产生直接作用.利用2008年1～12月在青岛采集的66个总悬浮颗粒物样品,采用邻苯二甲醛/N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸柱前衍生高效液相色谱法,分析了其中溶解态(DAC)和颗粒态氨基化合物(PAC)的浓度.气溶胶中DAC浓度为2.4～40.9nmol·m-3,在春季最高,夏季次之,秋季、冬季最低.PAC浓度为0.7～76.1nmol·m-3,呈现春季冬季秋季夏季的变化趋势.不同季节氨基化合物的组成不同.依据气团的后向轨迹,气溶胶样品可分为受北方陆源、南方陆源和海洋源影响,DAC和PAC在受南方陆源影响的气溶胶中浓度最高,北方陆源次之,海洋源气溶胶中最低.不同来源的气溶胶中氨基化合物的组成不同,蛋白质类氨基化合物对总氨基化合物的贡献在海洋源气溶胶中最高,在南方源气溶胶中最低.     

碳源变化对降解2,4-D的好氧颗粒污泥性能及形态的影响

在长期运行的序批式生物反应器(SBR)中,考察了以葡萄糖和2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)为混合碳源培养的好氧颗粒污泥在转换为2,4-D唯一碳源废水后,其形态、结构及对目标污染物去除功能的变化.结果表明,基质转换为2,4-D单一碳源后,好氧颗粒污泥仍保持了对目标污染物高效的去除能力.当进水2,4-D浓度为361～564mg/L,其去除率为99.2%～100%,COD平均去除率达到85.6%.混合碳源向2,4-D单一碳源转换对原好氧颗粒结构产生一定破坏作用,使其发生部分解体,粒径由513μm下降到302μm.但好氧颗粒污泥良好的耐负荷冲击使其保持了颗粒主体,通过一段时间适应调整后能够重新聚集生长,最终获得能够利用2,4-D为唯一碳源生长并具有良好沉降性(SVI20～40mL/g)的好氧颗粒污泥,粒径为489μm.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察结果表明,混合碳源转向单一碳源使好氧颗粒生物相丰富度降低.     

电渗析法再生CO_2电还原电解液的研究

探索了电渗析法再生CO2电还原电解液的可行性。以HCOOK溶液作为CO2电还原反应后的模拟液,采用单室电渗析装置对其进行再生,考察了电流、时间、温度等操作条件对电流效率和再生率的影响,研究结果表明:在常温条件下,操作电流低于极限电流时,采用电渗析法再生CO2电还原电解液具有高的电流效率和再生率。     

Removal of phosphate by Fe-coordinated amino-functionalized 3D mesoporous silicates hybrid materials

Phosphate removal from aqueous waste streams is an important approach to control the eutrophication downstream bodies of water. A Fe(III) coordinated amino-functionalized silicate adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by a post-grafting and metal cation incorporation process. The surface structure of the adsorbent was characterized by X-ray di raction, N2 adsoropion/desoprotion technique, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silicate material was 51.8 mg/g. The kinetic data from the adsorption of phosphate were fitted to pseudo second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent and the relatively high removal of phosphate fell within the pH range 3.0–6.0. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has an adverse e ect on phosphate adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of exogenous anions: F?? > SO2?? 4 > NO??3 > Cl??. In addition, the adsorbed phosphate could be desorbed by NaOH solutions. This silicate adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity and relatively high selectivity could be utilized for the removal of phosphate from aqueous waste streams or in aquatic environment.     

Application of magnetic particles modified with amino groups to adsorb copper ions in aqueous solution

A magnetic adsorbent can be easily recovered from treated water by magnetic force,without requiring further downstream treatment.In this research,amine-functionalized silica magnetite has been synthesized using N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylenediamine(TPED) as a surface modification agent.The synthesized magnetic amine adsorbents were used to adsorb copper ions in an aqueous solution in a batch system,and the maximum adsorption was found to occur at pH 5.5 ± 0.1.The adsorption equilibrium data fitted t...     

TiO2 nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples

An analytical method based on TiO2 nanotubes solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography (GC) was established for the analysis of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): acenaphtylene, acenaphthene, anthracene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Factors a ecting the extraction e ciency including the eluent type and its volume, adsorbent amount, sample volume, sample pH and sample flow rate were optimized. The characteristic data of analytical performance were determined to investigate the sensitivity and precision of the method. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the method showed good linearity in the range of 0.01–0.8 g/mL, repeatability of the extraction (RSD were between 6.7% and 13.5%, n = 5) and satisfactory detection limits (0.017–0.059 ng/mL). The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of surface water (tap, river and dam) samples. The recoveries of PAHs spiked in environmental water samples ranged from 90% to 100%. All the results indicated the potential application of titanate nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbents to pre-treat water samples.