Predicting the multiple pathways of plant succession

Classical concepts view succession as a deterministic, mechanistic regeneration of the disturbed community, and thus have limited applicability to fire-prone ecosystems, A recently developed multiple pathway succession model appears to have more realism and applicability in frequently disturbed ecosystems. It includes a set of species-specific attributes that are vital to reproduction and survival, and permits variable succession pathways depending on the stand's age (and thus species composition) when disturbed. Examples from Australia and the northern Rocky Mountains (USA) are presented, as are approaches to refining and improving the model.     

我国的森林火灾状况和对策研究

讨论了我国森林火灾的状况, 并对森林火灾的时间变化、区域分布、气候因素、人为因素及地形因素影响等特点进行了论述, 在此基础上提出了相应的林火对策     

火灾探测的原理和方法(上)

简述了火灾现象的物理特征、火灾探测的基本原理,并对火灾探测算法的建立及发展作了介绍。对产生火灾误报警的原因进行了分析,指出要改善火灾探测的准确性,缺少的不是思路和技术,而是火灾科学基础研究方面的积累。     

Introduced Species and Management of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nothofagus/Austrocedrus</Emphasis> Forest

Isla Victoria (Nahuel Huapi National Park, Argentina), a large island dominated by native Nothofagus and Austrocedrus forest, has old plantations of many introduced tree species, some of which are famed invaders of native ecosystems elsewhere. There are also large populations of introduced deer and shrubs that may interact in a complex way with the introduced trees, as well as a recently arrived population of wild boar. Long-standing concern that the introduced trees will invade and transform native forest may be unwarranted, as there is little evidence of progressive invasion, even close to the plantations, despite over 50 years of opportunity. Introduced and native shrubs allow scattered introduced trees to achieve substantial size in abandoned pastures, but in almost all areas neither the trees nor the shrubs appear to be spreading beyond these sites. These shrub communities may be stable rather than successional, but the technology for restoring them to native forest is uncertain and probably currently impractical. Any attempt to remove the exotic tree seedlings and saplings from native forest would probably create the very conditions that would favor colonization by exotic plants rather than native trees, while simply clear-cutting the plantations would be unlikely to lead to regeneration of Nothofagus or Austrocedrus. The key to maintaining native forest is preventing catastrophic fire, as several introduced trees and shrubs would be favored over native dominant trees in recolonization. Deer undoubtedly interact with both native and introduced trees and shrubs, but their net effect on native forest is not yet clear, and specific management of deer beyond the current hunting by staff is unwarranted, at least if preventing tree invasion is the goal. The steep terrain and shallow soil make the recently arrived boar a grave threat to the native forest. Eradication is probably feasible and should be attempted quickly.     

易燃易爆氢氧车间生产、贮气柜系统危险性评价

通过某动力公司氢氧车间生产、贮存系统危险性因素分析 ,对氢氧车间氢气生产、贮存各工艺环节进行了火灾爆炸危险性评价 ,并针对氢氧车间生产工艺系统和湿式贮气柜的火灾爆炸事故隐患 ,提出了事故防范的安全对策。     

消防科学技术发展历程回顾及火灾科学与消防工程学科体系探讨

在回顾消防科学技术发展历程的基础上 ,论述了火灾科学与消防工程学科体系与分类。火灾科学与消防工程学是一门以火灾发生与发展规律及其预防与扑救技术为研究对象的新兴交叉性学科。其具备火灾学、消防技术和消防工程所形成的完整知识体系 ;其下属的子学科包括火灾学、防火工程、灭火工程、消防管理工程、灭火指挥工程、火灾原因调查技术及其他相关学科。大力开展火灾科学与消防工程学科体系领域的研究 ,推进消防科学技术学科建设 ,是社会进步与科技发展的必然 ,也是加入WTO后保证经济国际化发展的客观要求。     

激光片光前向散射法测量烟雾颗粒尺寸分布

提出了一种利用激光片光CCD成像测量火灾烟雾颗粒粒径的方法，结合Mie散射理论确定了采取前向散射成像的方法测量烟雾颗粒尺寸分布，针对摄影测量过程中的成像形变，给出了结合数字摄影测量DLT技术进行数字校正的方法，并对实验方法和结果进行了分析与讨论。     

学科建制化视角下的中国消防工程学科

消防工程学科在中国基本上已完成了自身的建制化过程。笔者以中国消防工程学科建制化为切入点 ,分析了中国消防学科建制化的过程及其驱动模式 ;同时基于学术期刊在科学事业中地位和历史作用的分析 ,探讨了学术杂志与消防工程学科的关系 ,认为创建权威的学科杂志、进行研究生教育是使消防工程学科建制更加完善的必要条件之一 ;指出中国现有的消防学科的设置已不适应该学科在中国发展的现状 ,需要调整学科设置 ;认为消防学科正面临着自身再建制化的机遇。笔者强调 ,我国火灾科学国家重点实验室的建立与中国火灾科学的兴起 ,不仅标志着消防工程学科知识体系的形成 ,而且使发端于权力系统的消防工程学科建制化过程具备了学术权威学科建制化或再建制化的结构。     

高层建筑危急情况下的电梯疏散系统

美国的“9·11”事件 ,再次引起了人们对于高层建筑发生危急情况时人员安全疏散问题的关注。笔者首先介绍了在危急情况下 ,高层建筑中利用楼梯逃生的弊端和使用电梯疏散的优越性 ;然后阐述了高层建筑电梯疏散系统的概念和发展 ,最后从原始的电梯紧急疏散系统 (EEES)、人的行为心理与环境因素、风险评估、疏散模型 4个方面介绍了其具体的组成。分析和研讨结果表明 ,电梯疏散系统以其高效、应用面广等特点 ,势必会在危急情况下 ,在高层建筑的人员安全疏散过程中发挥越来越大的作用     

火对野生动物的生态作用

本文主要阐述了自然生态系统中，火对野生动物的直接影响及其通过改变动物的栖息环境、食物组成等因素给动物带来或可能带来的间接影响。强调火烧给动物生物多样性带来的威胁。最后探讨了人类控制火因子为人类服务的问题。