Re-evaluation of thyroid hormone signaling antagonism of tetrabromobisphenol A for validating the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay

We developed the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay, which is supposed to be able to sensitively detect thyroid hormone(TH) signaling disruption of chemicals. The present study aimed to validate the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay by re-evaluating the TH signaling antagonism of tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA), a known TH signaling disruptor. According to the assay we developed, Xenopus tadpoles at stage 52 were exposed to 10–500 nmol/L TBBPA in the presence of 1 nmol/L T3. After 96 hr of exposure, TBBPA in the range of 10–500 nmol/L was found to significantly inhibit T3-induced morphological changes of Xenopus tadpoles in a concentration-dependent manner in term of body weight and four morphological endpoints including head area(HA), mouth width(MW), unilateral brain width/brain length(ULBW/BL), and hind-limb length/snout-vent length(HLL/SVL).The results show that these endpoints we developed are sensitive for characterizing the antagonistic effects of TBBPA on T3-induced metamorphosis. Following a 24-hr exposure,we found that TBBPA antagonized expression of T3-induced TH-response genes in the tail,which is consistent with previous findings in the intestine. We propose that the tail can be used as an alternative tissue to the intestine for examining molecular endpoints for evaluating TH signaling disruption. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay we developed is an ideal in vivo assay for detecting TH signaling disruption.     

Ti/SnO_2-Sb阳极-空气阴极电催化降解染料废水

为解决电化学法处理高盐染料废水存在的能耗大、成本高等问题,分别采用溶胶-凝胶法和辊压法制备Ti/SnO_2-Sb阳极和空气阴极,构建了Ti/SnO_2-Sb阳极-空气阴极双极体系(TSSA-ADC)。甲基橙(MO)作为高盐染料废水的典型污染物,考察了电流强度、MO浓度、电解液浓度和初始p H对TSSA-ADC体系和TSSA单阳极体系降解MO的影响。结果表明:与TSSA单阳极体系相比,TSSA-ADC体系具有更好的抗有机负荷冲击、抗盐分冲击、抗酸碱波动能力,能够维护酸碱平衡防止硬度离子结垢。最佳反应条件为电流强度为0.030 A,电解液浓度为3%,MO浓度为100 mg/L,初始pH=6。以MO去除率达到98%为基准,TSSA-ADC体系比TSSA体系可节能74.26%。     

城市大气中臭氧浓度控制的困难与挑战——以成都市为例

研究城市化、工业化和区域经济一体化进程的不断加快,对城市大气环境的影响是当前大气环境领域研究的热点问题。在此过程中,利用空气质量模型模拟系统研究大气环境污染问题成为大气环境研究中不可缺少的组成部分。在当前空气污染复杂的形势下,针对城市大气环境中臭氧的浓度尚未有效的控制措施。研究主要利用Models-3/CMAQ空气质量模式对成都市臭氧浓度数值通过不同的控制情景进行模拟,揭示城市大气中臭氧浓度控制的困难与挑战,并尝试性提出今后的研究方向,以期为控制城市大气中臭氧浓度提供建议。     

Ambient volatile organic compounds pollution in China

Owing to rapid economic and industrial development, China has been suffering from degraded air quality and visibility. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors to the formation of ground-level ozone and hence photochemical smog. Some VOCs adversely affect human health. Therefore, VOCs have recently elicited public concern and given new impetus to scientific interest. China is now implementing a series of polices to control VOCs pollution. The key to formulating policy is understanding the ambient VOCs pollution status. This paper mainly analyzes the species, levels, sources, and spatial distributions of VOCs in ambient air. The results show that the concentrations of ambient VOCs in China are much higher than those of developed countries such as the United States and Japan, especial benzene, which exceeds available standards. At the same time, the ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) of various VOCs are calculated. Aromatics and alkenes have much higher OFPs, while aromatics have higher SOAFP. The OFPs of ambient VOCs in the cities of Beijing, Guangzhou and Changchun are very high, and the SOAFP of ambient VOCs in the cities of Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Changchun are higher.     

Effect of MoO3 on vanadium based catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 at low temperature

The selective catalytic reduction(SCR) activities of the MoO_3 doped V/WTi catalysts prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method at low temperature were investigated.The results showed that the addition of MoO_3 could enhance the NO_ xconversion at low temperature and the best SCR activity was obtained when the dosage of MoO_3 reached5 wt.%. The NH3-TPD and DRIFTS experiments indicated that the addition of MoO_3 changed the type and number of acid sites on the surface of catalysts and reaction activities of acid sites were altered at the same time. The redox capacity and amount of active oxygen species got improved for V3Mo5/WTi catalyst, which could be confirmed by the H_2-TPR and transient response experiments. Water vapor inhibited the NO_xconversion at low temperature. Deposition of ammonium sulfate or bisulfate might be main reason for the loss of catalytic activity in the presence of SO_2 at low temperature. Choosing the suitable NH_3/NO ratio and elevation of reaction temperature both could weaken the influence of SO_2 on the SCR activity of the V3Mo5/WTi catalyst. Thermal treatment of the deactivated catalyst at350°C could get the low temperature activity recovered. The decrease of GHSV improved the de NO_x efficiency at low temperature and we speculated that the rational technological process and operation parameters could contribute to the application of this kind of catalysts in real industrial environment.     

一种低功耗高性能数据采集数字处理平台的设计

目的构建一套基于中频信号基带数字信号处理的软件无线电平台。方法通过选择芯片设计硬件电路设计出合适的PCB板。结果主要依据软件无线电平台,提出了一种基于A/D+FPGA+D/A的硬件设计方案,该系统包括了前端的A/D数据采集和后端的D/A模拟数据恢复的详细收发电路原理设计。结论构建了一个从前端数据接收到后端模拟发送的高速基带数字信号处理平台。     

某城市污水处理厂二期污水处理工程设计研究

详细介绍了某城市第一污水处理厂在现有工程的基础上二期工程的工艺设计以及构筑物、设备参数;二期工程充分利用原有工程场地,本着现有、新建运行管理便捷统一原则,采用改良型A/A/O生化池作为二级处理主体工艺;二期工程投入运营后,某城市污水处理厂达到20×104 m3/d的污水设计规模.最终污水厂出水水质达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级 A排放标准.污水处理厂运营后,经济效益显著,可保本经营,并具有企业自我发展的能力.     

工业园区综合难降解废水深度处理实验研究

某工业园区综合废水处理厂设计规模5.0×104m3/d,原设计出水执行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级B标准,需将出水标准提高到一级A排放标准.分别采用混凝沉淀法和高级氧化法深度处理二级生化出水.小试试验结果表明:二级生化出水CODcr在62~75 mg/L左右,PAC、Al2(SO4)3及PFS三种絮凝沉淀药剂处理出水CODcr去除效果均不明显,不能稳定达到一级A排放标准.芬顿催化氧化的pH=5,FeSO4+H2O2投加量为(200+100)mg/L;臭氧氧化的O3投加量33 mg/L,其出水CODcr均能达到一级A排放标准.     

含疏松缺陷的ZL205A合金力学性能研究

目的获取含疏松缺陷ZL205A材料主要力学性能参数的变化规律及力学行为。方法通过单轴拉伸实验测试,采用割线法估算含不同等级疏松ZL205A试样的力学性能参数;基于试样断面及载荷-位移曲线分析,归纳ZL205A材料的力学行为,并通过有限元模拟对假设的力学模型进行验证。结果发现ZL205A材料的抗拉强度、伸长率、弹性模量及屈服强度指标呈现随疏松等级增加而降低的趋势,材料变形塑性屈服阶段不明显且具有脆性断裂特征。结论 Ramberg-Osgood方程适合于描述ZL205A材料的弹塑性本构关系。     

SCREEN3模型在大气环境管理中的应用研究

基于高斯扩散的单源估算模式SCREEN3计算佛山市环境统计企业的SO2排放最大落地浓度距离,发现全市工业企业SO2排放最大落地浓度距离为0.4~13.5 km.其中水泥和火电等高架源的最大落地浓度的距离最远.佛山市及五区纳入环境统计的重点废气排放企业平均的SO2排放最大落地浓度距离为2.9~4.9 km,能直接影响国控监测点位的企业合计37家,其中40%为高明区的企业.该结果证明加强空气质量国控监测点位周边至少5 km内废气排放企业的督查有利于空气质量的改善.