预氧化聚丙烯腈/g-C3N4光催化降解罗丹明B

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和g-C_3N_4为原料,采用超声波辅助分散的溶液浸渍法及煅烧法制备了具有共轭结构的预氧化聚丙烯腈/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂(CPAN/g-C_3N_4),采用XRD、SEM、FTIR、UV-Vis DRS、EIS等技术对光催化剂进行了表征,考察了CPAN/g-C_3N_4对罗丹明B(Rh B)的可见光催化降解性能。结果表明:CPAN与g-C_3N_4具有良好的协同作用,使g-C_3N_4片状结构堆叠体颗粒显著减小,明显增强了光催化剂在全部光谱范围内的光吸收,有效提高了光生电子-空穴分离效率;在PAN与g-C_3N_4质量比为1∶200、煅烧温度250 ℃、煅烧时间1 h条件下所制备的CPAN/g-C_3N_4光催化活性最高,且具有良好的光催化活性稳定性。超氧自由基和光生空穴为CPAN/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂光降解罗丹明B的主要活性物种。     

从6-APA和7-ADCA生产废液中回收苯乙酸

采用溶剂萃取、水法提取等方法从6-氨基青霉烷酸和7-氨基-3-去乙酰氧基头孢烷酸生产废液（简称废液）中回收苯乙酸（PAA）,考察了各种因素对回收效果的影响。实验结果表明：以甲苯为萃取剂,在萃取温度30℃、萃取时间15m in、500mL废液中萃取剂加入量130mL的最佳条件下,萃取率为96.5%;在提取温度为65℃左右、结晶温度低于10℃的条件下,PAA收率大于89%,纯度大于99%;所得PAA产品质量好,可用于青霉素G等医药产品的生产。     

MBBR与A/O法对污水中有机物及氮处理效果的研究

实验在不同水力停留时间（HRT）、进水COD浓度和不同COD容积负荷条件下考察了移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）和活性污泥A/O工艺对污水中有机物及氮的处理效果。结果表明,MBBR工艺去除有机物和脱氮效果均优于A/O工艺。在进水COD和NH₃－N浓度分别为1000和25 mg/L,HRT为8 h时,MBBR的COD和TN去除率分别为92％和94％,而A/O工艺分别为78％和82％。造成这种结果的原因是MBBR的生物活性高,并且在生物膜内发生了同时硝化反硝化。MBBR脱氮能力受COD冲击明显小于A/O,但在较低进水COD浓度下,两者TN去除率均较低。     

活性红M-3BE脱色真菌的筛选及脱色性能研究

从自然环境中分离到2株对染料活性红M-3BE具有明显脱色效果的真菌,经形态学和26S rDNA序列分析,将其鉴定为Fusarium oxysporum和Geosmithia viridis.采用初始浓度50 mg/L M-3BE的液体培养基同步脱色培养,F.oxysporum在24 h内对M-3BE的脱色率为96%,G.viridis在36 h内的脱色率为82%.对脱色酶系的检测结果表明,脱色过程中F.oxysporum能产生LiP和MnP,G.viridis则仅产生LiP.此外,F.oxysporu和G.viridis对另外7种染料的脱色率也可分别达到16%～100%和83.3%～100%.     

用磷酸铵镁沉淀法去除沈阳老虎冲垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮

叙述了磷酸铵镁沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的基本原理,分析了MAP法对氨氮的去除效果,对比了不同的镁盐及不同的反应时间对氨氮的去除效率。结果表明,MAP法对氨氮的去除效率高,产物中重金属的含量低。同时,氧化镁比氯化镁具有更好的氨氮去除综合优势。     

复合式膜生物反应器处理高浓度氨氮废水可行性试验

试验结果表明,以甲壳素为载体的复合式膜生物反应器,在进水氨氮浓度为2100mg/L,氨氮容积负荷为2.19kg/(m3.d)时,氨氮去除率接近100%,系统运行稳定。载体投加量为2.778g/L时,膜通量可维持在87%左右。     

Immunotoxicity of bisphenol a to Carassius auratus Lymphocytes and macrophages following in vitro exposure

Bisphenol A （BPA） is the monomer component of polycarbonate plastics and classified as an endocrine disrupting chemical （EDC）. The reproductive toxicity of BPA has been extensively studied in mammals; however, relatively little information is available on the immunotoxic responses of fish to BPA. In this study, we investigated the effects of BPA on the immune functions of lymphocytes and macrophages in Carassius auratus. The effects of BPA were compared with those of two natural steroid hormones, estradiol and hydrocortisone. Proliferation of the two types of cells in response to PHA was measured using colorimetric MTT assay. Macrophage respiratory burst stimulated by Con A was measured using chemiluminescence assay. Results showed that BPA （0.054-5.4 mg/L）, estradiol （0.0002-2.0 mg/L） and hydrocortisone （5-50 mg/L） significantly induced Carassius auratus lymphocyte proliferation while higher doses of hydrocortisone （500-5000 mg/L） appeared to be inhibitory. BPA （0.005-50 mg/L）, estradiol （0.005-800 mg/L） and hydrocortisone （0.005-500 mg/L） markedly enhanced macrophage proliferation, whereas higher doses of BPA （500-1000 mg/L） appeared to inhibit cell proliferation. Furthermore, higher dosage of BPA （50 mg/L） and hydrocortisone （50 and 500 mg/L） suppressed the macrophages respiratory burst while estradiol is stimulative all the doses tested （0.05-500 mg/L）. In conclusion, BPA could have immunotoxicity to Carassius auratus and functional changes of lymphocyte and macrophage in Carassius auratus may be different between low and high dosages.     

Organic matter and concentrated nitrogen removal by shortcut nitrification and denitrification from mature municipal landfill leachate

An UASB＋Anoxic/Oxic （A/O） system was introduced to treat a mature landfill leachate with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and high ammonia concentration. To make the best use of the biodegradable COD in the leaehate, the denitrifieation of NOx^--N in the reeireulation effluent from the elarifier was carried out in the UASB. The results showed that most biodegradable organic matters were removed by the denitrifieation in the UASB. The NH4^＋-N loading rate （ALR） of A/O reactor and operational temperature was 0.28- 0.60 kg NH4^＋-N/（m^3-d） and 17-29℃ during experimental period, respectively. The short-cut nitrification with nitrite accumulation efficiency of 90%-99% was stabilized during the whole experiment. The NH4^＋-N removal efficiency varied between 90% and 100%. When ALR was less than 0.45 kg NH4^＋-N/（m^3.d）, the NH4^＋-N removal efficiency was more than 98%. With the influent NH4^＋-N of 1200-1800 mg/L, the effluent NH4^＋-N was less than 15 mg/L. The shortcut nitrification and denitrifieation can save 40% carbon source, with a highly efficient denitrifieation taking place in the UASB. When the ratio of the feed COD to feed NH4^＋-N was only 2-3, the total inorganic nitrogen （TIN） removal efficiency attained 67%-80%. Besides, the sludge samples from A/O reactor were analyzed using FISH. The FISH analysis revealed that ammonia oxidation bacteria （AOB） accounted for 4% of the total eubaeterial population, whereas nitrite oxidation bacteria （NOB） accounted only for 0.2% of the total eubaeterial population.     

不同类型填料的三维电极/Fenton试剂法处理苯酚废水

采用不同类型填料对三维电极/Fenton试剂法处理苯酚模拟废水进行研究.结果表明.不同类型活性炭填料对苯酚去除率有很大影响,粒炭不适合做粒子电极,采用5.0 mm柱炭处理效果较好;采用石英砂与活性炭混合填料的处理效果比单一活性炭填料好,但苯酚去除率提高不明显;电解槽反应器中按比例投加涂膜活性炭和活性炭混合填料能明显提高苯酚去除率;当涂膜活性炭与活性炭体积比为1,2时,苯酚去除率最高,达96.8%.     

用H2O2/Fe^3＋处理高浓度含甲醛废水的研究

研究采用H2O2/Fe^3＋催化氧化处理高浓度含甲醛废水,探讨了双氧水和催化剂投加量、反应pH及反应温度等操作条件对处理效果的影响,并通过酸溶解回用失活催化剂。结果表明,较优的操作条件为：H2O2/COD（质量比）=2.2～2.6,Fe^3＋/H2O2（摩尔比）=0.048～0.058,反应pH1.80～2.68,反应温度50℃,反应时间40 min;在上述操作条件下,甲醛去除率达到99%以上,COD去除率达到85%以上。失活的催化剂可通过稀酸溶解后循环使用,其效果与三价铁盐作催化剂的基本相同。采用H2O2/Fe^3＋处理含甲醛废水具有比采用H2O2/Fe^2＋较优的效果。