天然水体溶解性有机物(DOM)分级组分对典型城市源污染的荧光响应

运用化学(树脂)分级方法和三维荧光光谱技术,从总体溶解性有机物(DOM)到DOM各分级组分,逐步深入考察其总体分级特征及各组分三维荧光特征对典型城市生活源污染的响应特征和机理. 总体DOM分级特征对污染的产生和变化响应较弱,而DOM的分级组分对生活源污染具有较好的响应特性. DOM的总体分级特征表明,无污染的源头水DOM中以憎水酸(HoA)为主(相对含量最高),其次为亲水性物质(HiM),而受污染水体DOM中的憎水性碱和中性物质(HoBN)及弱憎水酸(WHoA)的绝对含量和相对含量均明显增高,表明用HoBN和WHoA组分相对含量的增加指示污染的增加具有一定的可行性. 研究各分级组分的三维荧光光谱结构特征表明,HoA,HoBN及HiM均对城市源污染具有良好的响应特性,受污染水体的HoA和HoBN组分荧光特征信息更为突出和丰富,且主要为具有紫外吸收的生物代谢类蛋白物质;最为特异的是WHoA组分,其在源头水中主要为含共轭结构的富里酸类物质,而在受污染水体中该类物质几乎消失且荧光响应也急剧降低. 分析式分级法获得的水体DOM主要分级组分对城市源污染具有较好的响应特性.      

一株花生根际促生菌的筛选鉴定及其特性研究

从种植于红壤的健康花生根际,筛选出7株产吲哚乙酸(IAA)菌株,以菌株L4合成IAA的能力最强,培养24 h时IAA产生量达135.67μg.mL-1,且菌株L4具有解磷能力。通过菌株形态、生理生化特征测定及16SrRNA的保守序列鉴定,初步确定菌株L4为氯酚节杆菌(Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus),其GenBank登录号为JQ277449。菌株生长和发酵条件试验结果表明,菌株L4生长和分泌IAA的最佳培养条件并不完全一致,既能促进菌株生长又能合成较多IAA的最佳培养条件是初始pH值为5～6,装液量为50 mL.(250 mL)-1,30℃摇床培养24 h;促进菌株生长的最佳碳、氮源分别是麦芽糖和酵母粉,而提高IAA产生量的最佳碳源是木糖,最佳氮源是KNO3。     

波长254 nm和365 nm紫外辐照下活性艳红X-3B的光催化降解动力学研究

以活性艳红X-3B为对象,研究其在不同波段紫外光照射条件下的光催化降解动力学.结果表明,在长波紫外条件下,活性艳红X-3B的降解动力学符合表观一级动力学方程,其反应表观速率常数与光强之间呈对数关系;在短波紫外条件下,活性艳红X-3B的降解动力学可以用二级动力学方程拟合,速率常数与光强之间成正比.通过对比X-3B在2种光源下的降解半衰期发现,在同比条件下,365 nm光源对活性艳红X-3B的降解半衰期为37.263 min,而254 nm光源则下降为0.855 min.短波紫外比长波紫外具有更高的光量子效率,其对X-3B的降解效率也更高.     

The Capacity of Australia's Protected‐Area System to Represent Threatened Species

Abstract: The acquisition or designation of new protected areas is usually based on criteria for representation of different ecosystems or land‐cover classes, and it is unclear how well‐threatened species are conserved within protected‐area networks. Here, we assessed how Australia's terrestrial protected‐area system (89 million ha, 11.6% of the continent) overlaps with the geographic distributions of threatened species and compared this overlap against a model that randomly placed protected areas across the continent and a spatially efficient model that placed protected areas across the continent to maximize threatened species’ representation within the protected‐area estate. We defined the minimum area needed to conserve each species on the basis of the species’ range size. We found that although the current configuration of protected areas met targets for representation of a given percentage of species’ ranges better than a random selection of areas, 166 (12.6%) threatened species occurred entirely outside protected areas and target levels of protection were met for only 259 (19.6%) species. Critically endangered species were among those with the least protection; 12 (21.1%) species occurred entirely outside protected areas. Reptiles and plants were the most poorly represented taxonomic groups, and amphibians the best represented. Spatial prioritization analyses revealed that an efficient protected‐area system of the same size as the current protected‐area system (11.6% of the area of Australia) could meet representation targets for 1272 (93.3%) threatened species. Moreover, the results of these prioritization analyses showed that by protecting 17.8% of Australia, all threatened species could reach target levels of representation, assuming all current protected areas are retained. Although this amount of area theoretically could be protected, existing land uses and the finite resources available for conservation mean land acquisition may not be possible or even effective for the recovery of threatened species. The optimal use of resources must balance acquisition of new protected areas, where processes that threaten native species are mitigated by the change in ownership or on‐ground management jurisdiction, and management of threatened species inside and outside the existing protected‐area system.     

反应条件对活性炭负载铈催化剂NH3选择性催化还原NO影响的研究

通过程序升温反应考察活性炭负载铈(Ce/AC)催化剂选择性催化还原NO的性能。探讨反应温度、空速、NO初始浓度、O2浓度、NH3浓度以及SO2的存在对其催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,催化剂的催化活性随温度的上升而逐渐增加,在150℃后趋于平稳,NO转化率接近100%;NO进口浓度的增加,催化剂对NO的脱除效率有较小幅度下降;在没有氧气的存在时,NO的转化率只有20%左右,随着氧气的加入,转化率明显增加,当氧含量到1%以后,NO的转化率趋于平缓,稳定在90%以上;SO2对催化剂有很强的毒性,烟气中加入SO2后,催化剂对NO的去除率明显的下降。     

An energetic life cycle assessment of C&D waste and container glass recycling in Cape Town,South Africa

This study presents the results of a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) on the energy requirements and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission implications of recycling construction and demolition (C&D) rubble and container glass in Cape Town, South Africa. Cape Town is a medium sized city in a developing country with a growing population and a rising middle class, two factors that are resulting in increased generation of solid waste. The City is constrained in terms of landfill space and competing demands for municipal resources.The LCA assessment was based on locally gathered data, supplemented with ecoinvent life cycle inventory data modified to the local context. The results indicated that recycling container glass instead of landfilling can achieve an energy savings of 27% and a GHG emissions savings of 37%, with a net savings still being achieved even if collection practices are varied. The C&D waste results, however, showed net savings only for certain recycling strategies. Recycling C&D waste can avoid up to 90% of the energy and GHG emissions of landfilling when processed and reused onsite but, due to great dependence on haulage distances, a net reduction of energy use and GHG emissions could not be confidently discerned for offsite recycling. It was also found that recycling glass achieves significantly greater savings of energy and emissions than recycling an equivalent mass of C&D waste.The study demonstrated that LCA provides an important tool to inform decisions on supporting recycling activities where resources are limited. It also confirmed other researchers’ observations that strict adherence to the waste management hierarchy will not always result in the best environmental outcome, and that more nuanced analysis is required. The study found that the desirability of recycling from an energy and climate perspective cannot be predicted on the basis of whether such recycling conserves a non-renewable material. However, recycling that replaces a virgin product from an energy-intensive production process appears to be more robustly beneficial than recycling that replaces a product with little embodied energy. Particular caution is needed when applying the waste management hierarchy to the latter situations.     

Isomeric analysis of PCDD/PCDF in waste incinerator fly ash by GC-MS/MS

The development of an analytical method for the analysis of PCDD/PCDF in flyash using a bench analytical system comprising of a gas chromatograph fitted with an ion trap detector operated in the tandem MS mode is described. The optimum settings for the most important MS/MS parameters are given, including those for the less reported mono- to tri-chlorinated dioxin and furan congener groups. Flyash samples from three waste incineration plants representing a decommissioned 1970s plant design, an upgraded and still operating plant originally designed in the 1970s, and a modern 1990s design operating plant have been analysed for PCDD/PCDF. The flyash samples were analysed for PCDD/PCDF using the methods developed and the total PCDD/PCDF, I-TEQ values and isomeric profiles are reported. The flyash from the older decommissioned incinerator had very significantly higher concentrations of PCDD/PCDF compared to the modern incinerator flyash.     

组合方法去除新型采油污水中有机污染物的研究

含聚丙烯酰胺采油污水的有效处理是近年来困扰油田三次采油生产的一个难题。研究采用移动床生物膜技术与O3/UV/H2O2高级氧化技术的组合方法来处理含聚丙烯酰胺采油污水。实验结果表明,移动床生物膜技术可以有效去除污水中的石油类有机物,但对聚丙烯酰胺几乎无效果。O3/UV/H2O2高级氧化技术可以降解污水中的聚丙烯酰胺。组合方法处理后的含聚丙烯酰胺采油污水水质可以达到污水综合排放标准中的一级要求。     

Removal of inorganic arsenic from water using metal organic frameworks

<正>It has been estimated that between 94 million and 220 million people around the world are at risk of consuming drinking water that contain arsenic concentrations higher than 10 μg/L( Podgorski and Berg, 2020),     

The oil industry along the Atlantic coast of Cameroon: Assessing impacts and possible solutions

While the oil industry along the Atlantic coast of Cameroon has made important contributions to the national economy, this has been accompanied with adverse environmental impacts. There has been significant pollution from oil drilling, refinery waste, oil spillage, gas and flaring. After discussing these impacts, this paper argues that prevailing regulations are inadequate and need overhauling. It proposes that cleaner production requires:

(i)

specific laws to protect dwellers in the neighbourhood of oil refineries, filling stations, service stations and pipelines;