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661.
以2种不同纳米级锐钛型TiO2为载体负载V2O5和WO3制备得到脱氮催化剂H和Z,在自制固定床反应器中测试其DeNOx活性,结果表明,催化剂H的活性比催化剂Z低得多.利用XRD、BET、FT-IR和SEM等手段对2种催化剂进行比较,BET表面积虽然会对DeNOx活性产生一定的影响,但催化剂H主要因为活性物质V2O5和载体TiO2发生反应,生成V3Ti6O17,导致其DeNOx活性大幅下降,而在催化剂Z中TiO2仍然保持锐钛型,未与V2O5发生反应. 相似文献
662.
以聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜为基膜,采用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)与单宁酸(TA)和没食子酸(GA)的混合物共沉积后,再与均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)进行界面聚合的方法制备了PVDF复合纳滤膜,探讨了TA与GA的混合质量比例对PVDF复合纳滤膜选择层的微观结构和性能的影响,分别采用FTIR、AFM、SEM和水接触角测量仪对复合纳滤膜选择层的化学结构、表面粗糙度、微观结构和表面亲水性进行了表征,考察了PVDF复合纳滤膜在模拟RB5-NaCl染料废水处理中的性能和稳定性。结果表明:随着TA:GA比例的增加,选择层的表面粗糙度增加、水接触角减小,纯水通量增加,PEG1000截留率略有降低;染料废水通量和截留率呈相同的变化趋势,染料和盐的分离因子达到12.97;PVDF复合纳滤膜在运行时间内表现出良好的稳定性。 相似文献
663.
五氟苄基羟胺衍生与GC/MS联用分析大气中的单羰基化合物和多羰基化合物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用涂布五氟苄基羟胺(PFBHA)的Tenax-TA作为固体吸附剂,采取主动采样的方式采集大气中羰基化合物,再经溶剂洗脱和氮吹浓缩后用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)分析,成功检测到14种单羰基化合物和2种二羰基化合物(乙二醛与甲基乙二醛).研究表明:在吸附剂的装载量为50mg的前提下,当衍生剂的涂布量为260nmol,采集流速为50mL·min^-1时,采集效果最佳.羰基化合物的检测限、平行样的相对标准偏差和样品的加标回收率范围分别为0.54~3.83ng·m^-3、1.0%~14.2%、89.2%~113.8%.该方法在实际大气样品中合适的采样时间为0.5~8.0h.利用此法对上海市宝山区大气中羰基化合物进行了检测,成功检测到16种羰基化合物,且具有明显的日变化趋势. 相似文献
664.
665.
Laboratory studies suggest that the cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) will persist in the aquatic environment and bioaccumulate in fish. Here these cVMS were measured in herring collected in the Swedish waters of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea and in grey seals from the Baltic Proper. D4, D5, and D6 were present in herring muscle at concentrations around 10, 200, and 40 ng g−1 lipid weight, respectively. The ratio of these concentrations was similar to the relative magnitude of estimated emissions to water, suggesting that the efficiency of overall transfer through the environment and food web was similar (within a factor 2–3) for the three chemicals. The concentrations of D5 and D6 were similar in herring caught in the highly populated Baltic Proper and in the less populated Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay. The D4 concentrations were lower at the most remote northern station, suggesting that D4 is less persistent than D5 and D6. Herring from the North Sea had lower levels of all three chemicals. The concentrations of D4, D5 and D6 in grey seal blubber were lower than the lipid normalized concentrations in herring, indicating that they do not biomagnify in grey seals. 相似文献
666.
机动车排放车载实验及模型模拟研究 总被引:18,自引:5,他引:18
研究机动车的排放特征及获得排放因子,是建立机动车排放清单和制定相应控制策略的基础,而路上的机动车排放车载测试被认为是实验室台架测试的一个重要补充.本研究利用AVL DiGas 4000 light五气分析仪,在澳门典型路段上对7辆汽油轿车样本开展了尾气排放车载实验.研究发现安装电喷加三元催化转化系统的车辆(以下称电喷车)在气态污染物排放上比旧的化油器车有显著降低,化油器车HC、CO和NO排放的体积浓度平均值分别为2275;10-6、1.57%和14775;10-6,而电喷车则分别为335;10-6、0.21%和1315;10-6,约是前者的1/11~1/7.但电喷车在冷启动阶段会出现高排放;对电喷车的CO和NO排放浓度做算术平均,其绝对值主要由出现频率少的高浓度值所贡献.研究进一步估算了汽油轿车的排放因子,同时利用MOBILE5模型计算了澳门2000年汽油轿车的平均排放因子,模型计算值和实验数据估算结果的比值在59%~139%之间,如果仅比较年平均排放因子,这个比值则在68%~132%之间.结果表明,车辆采用电喷加催化转化系统,对控制污染物排放的作用显著,但催化设备存在冷启动时起燃缓慢的问题;对电喷车的技术改进,减少其在行驶过程中出现高浓度的污染物排放,将能进一步大大降低平均排放水平;应用修正的MOBILE5模型计算澳门地区汽油轿车的排放因子,结果是比较可信的. 相似文献
667.
668.
MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ as a modeling tool for 8-h ozone regulatory enforcement: application to the state of Arizona 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sang-Mi Lee H. J. S. Fernando S. Grossman-Clarke 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2007,12(1):63-74
The Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Meteorological Model 5 (MM5), Sparse Matrix Operator Kernal Emissions (SMOKE), and Community
Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling systems were employed to simulate ozone concentration distribution within the State
of Arizona, in particular, Phoenix air basin, as supporting information to designate nonattainment areas of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's new 8-h ozone standard. In general, based on statistical comparisons between predictions and available
(sparsely distributed) observations, the modeling system performed reasonably well for the Phoenix basin, thus proving it
to be a useful tool for both regulatory as well as research applications. Detailed inspection, however, revealed a serious
problem with respect to the details of the ozone distribution in that for some days the transition from downslope flow to
upslope flow in the Phoenix basin was delayed in the model, causing the ozone distribution to show an unrealistic high-ozone
bias toward the west valley. Implementation of a modified subgrid parameterization improved the time of transition, and hence
the prediction of ozone and its precursor distributions. This study points to possible inadequacies of commonly used subgrid
parameterizations in dealing with rapidly changing flow conditions such as morning (and evening) transitions. 相似文献
669.
碱氨蚀刻废液处理方法研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
论述了碱氨蚀刻废液处理方法的试验研究.研究包括碱法回收氢氧化铜,酸法回收胆矾和电解法回收金属铜等三种方法. 相似文献
670.
The ratio of clay content to total organic carbon content is a useful parameter to predict adsorption of the herbicide butachlor in soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Liu Z He Y Xu J Huang P Jilani G 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,152(1):163-171
Thirteen soils collected from 11 provinces in eastern China were used to investigate the butachlor adsorption. The results indicated that the total organic carbon (TOC) content, clay content, amorphous Fe2O3 content, silt content, CEC, and pH had a combined effect on the butachlor sorption on soil. Combination of the data obtained from the 13 soils in the present study with other 23 soil samples reported by other researchers in the literature showed that Koc would be a poor predictive parameter for butachlor adsorption on soils with TOC content higher than 4.0% and lower than 0.2%. The soils with the ratio of clay content to TOC content (RCO) values less than 60 adsorbed butachlor mainly by the partition into soil organic matter matrix. The soils with RCO values higher than 60 apparently adsorbed butachlor by the combination of the partition into soil organic matter matrix and adsorption on clay surface. 相似文献