进一步探讨内蒙古自治区环境突发性污染事件应急监测工作

随着内蒙古经济社会的快速发展,环境突发性事件应急监测存在一些新问题,根据内蒙古实际情况,探讨环境突发性污染事件应急监测工作思路,进一步保护环境和人类生命安全。     

进一步探讨内蒙古自治区环境突发性污染事件应急监测工作

随着内蒙古经济社会的快速发展,环境突发性事件应急监测存在一些新问题,根据内蒙古实际情况,探讨环境突发性污染事件应急监测工作思路,进一步保护环境和人类生命安全。     

基于神经网络的生化池能耗预测模型研究

我国城市污水处理的能耗处于较高水平,直接能耗中电耗占60%~90%。为了合理利用电能,以A/O工艺为基础,选取BP神经网络建立能耗预测模型,由入水信息对溶解氧进行预测,为污水处理过程中曝气量的及时调度、有效利用能量提供可靠的决策依据。     

Effects of metal and acidic sites on the reaction by-products of butyl acetate oxidation over palladium-based catalysts

Catalytic oxidation is widely used in pollution control technology to remove volatile organic compounds. In this study, Pd/ZSM-5 catalysts with different Pd contents and acidic sites were prepared via the impregnation method. All the catalysts were characterized by means of N2 adsorption- desorption, X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, HE temperature programmed reduction （H2-TPR）, and NH3 temperature programmed desorption （NH3-TPD）. Their catalytic performance was investigated in the oxidation of butyl acetate experiments. The by-products of the reaction were collected in thermal desorption tubes and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. It was found that the increase of Pd content slightly changed the catalytic activity of butyl acetate oxidation according to the yield of CO2 achieved at 90%, but decreased the cracking by-products, whereas the enhancement of strong acidity over Pd-based catalysts enriched the by-product species. The butyl acetate oxidation process involves a series of reaction steps including protolysis, dehydrogenation, dehydration, cracking, and isomerization. Generally, butyl acetate was cracked to acetic acid and 2- methylpropene and the latter was an intermediate of the other by-products, and the oxidation routes of typical by-products were proposed. Trace amounts of 3-methylpentane, hexane, 2-methylpentane, pentane, and 2-methylbutane originated from iso4merization and protolysis reactions.     

Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Organic acids as important constituents of organic aerosols not only influence the aerosols' hygroscopic property, but also enhance the formation of new particles and secondary organic aerosols. This study reported organic acids including C14–C32fatty acids, C4–C9dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids in PM2.5collected during winter 2009 at six typical urban, suburban and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region. Averaged concentrations of C14–C32fatty acids, aromatic acids and C4– C9 dicarboxylic acids were 157, 72.5 and 50.7 ng/m3, respectively. They totally accounted for 1.7% of measured organic carbon. C20–C32fatty acids mainly deriving from higher plant wax showed the highest concentration at the upwind rural site with more vegetation around, while C14–C18fatty acids were more abundant at urban and suburban sites, and dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids except 1,4-phthalic acid peaked at the downwind rural site. Succinic and azelaic acid were the most abundant among C4–C9dicarboxylic acids, and 1,2-phthalic and 1,4-phthalic acid were dominant aromatic acids. Dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids exhibited significant mutual correlations except for 1,4-phthalic acid, which was probably primarily emitted from combustion of solid wastes containing polyethylene terephthalate plastics. Spatial patterns and correlations with typical source tracers suggested that C14–C32fatty acids were mainly primary while dicarboxylic and aromatic acids were largely secondary. Principal component analysis resolved six sources including biomass burning, natural higher plant wax, two mixed anthropogenic and two secondary sources; further multiple linear regression revealed their contributions to individual organic acids. It turned out that more than 70% of C14–C18fatty acids were attributed to anthropogenic sources, about 50%–85% of the C20–C32fatty acids were attributed to natural sources, 80%–95% of dicarboxylic acids and 1,2-phthalic acid were secondary in contrast with that 81% of 1,4-phthalic acid was primary.     

国外天气保险略览

<正>近年来,由于全球气候变暖,极端气候事件增多,各种气象灾害日趋严重。这不仅影响了人们的正常生活,还给农业、旅游业、娱乐业等对天气敏感的行业带来了不小的经济损失。为了减少气象灾害带来的损失,一种新的保险种类"天气保险"便应运而生。     

动物群死,是他杀还是自杀

<正>在人类生活、生存活动中,他杀和自杀行为时有发生,这并不稀奇。但你知道吗?在动物界,很多动物却有群死现象出现,非常恐怖骇人。这到底是他杀,还是集体自杀呢?最近几年,世界多地多次发生大量动物群死事件:数千只燕八哥在美国阿肯色州坠亡,接下来又有数千条死鱼被冲上海岸,4万多只死梭子蟹被冲上英国东南部肯特郡海岸。在群死动物中,还包括瑞典寒鸦、巴西和新西兰鱼类等。这引起了一些人的恐慌。先让我们仔细来看     

创新应对重大环境事件思维推动环保战略转型

本文系环境保护部原总工程师、中国环境科学学会副理事长杨朝飞在“2013年全国环境政策法制工作研讨会”上做的关于我国如何应对重大环境事件专题讲座内容整理,以飨读者.     

西安市2013年空气质量状况分析

本文收集西安市2013年环境监测站发布的空气质量指数（AQI）及环境空气状况与监测月报资料,对空气质量等级、AQI变化情况、主要污染物浓度变化趋势及采暖期和非采暖期浓度比较进行分析.研究结果表明：西安市2013空气质量二级以上的达标率为37.8％,年均AQI值为151,SO2、NO2、PM10和PM2.5的月监测浓度变化趋势无显著意义,采暖期平均浓度均显著高于非采暖期平均浓度,PM2.5采暖期均值是非采暖期均值的3.09倍.由此可见控制SO2、NO2、PM10和PM2.5的排放是改善西安市空气质量的重点工作.     

污染影响了健康,证据呢？

@大林崔：风险管理,重点是特征污染物。当前环境与健康风险不断加大,环保问题很容易发展为社会问题甚至政治问题,必须通过风险管理,从特征污染物的产生、排放、暴露控制等方面降低其致害风险。@文迪姐姐：制定环境与健康基准,只要有10年以上的数据积累,就完全可以实现。这甚至可以成为地方执政者的绩效考核标准。@绿色水滴2013：近年来,我国突发环境事件持续上升,环境风险比较突出,迫切需要开展环境基准和风险评估研究。@污染的健康很寂静：健康风险管理,核心是风险管理,重点是健康风险评估,要不然又是白忙活。