Synthesis and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of novel benzo[d] imidazolyl dihydrospiro[indoline-3,1′-isoindole]-2,4′,7′-triones

Synthesis of novel benzo[d]imidazolyldihydrospiro[indoline-3,1′-isoindole]-2,4′,7′-triones has been described. The key intermediate 2-[(2-sulfanyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)amino]acetic acid is obtained by reacting 5-amino-2-mercapto benzimidazole and chloroacetic acid. The three-component reaction of 2-[(2-sulfanyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)amino]acetic acid with isatin and 1,4-benzoquinone in the presence of 10 mol% of L-proline at ambient temperature afforded 2′-(2-mercapto-1H-benzo [d] imidazol-5-yl)-3′,3a′-dihydrospiro[indoline-3,1′-isoindole]-2,4′,7′(2′H,7a′H)-triones. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity.     

石煤提钒工艺中烟气污染物排放控制研究

介绍了传统钠法焙烧石煤提钒生产工艺的原理及烟气污染物产生和治理现状,提出了一种新型的焙烧工艺及烟气污染防治技术,阐述了工艺原理,并与传统工艺和方法进行了比较分析。基于中试试验报告及监测数据,研究分析了烟气污染物防治措施的技术可行性,针对烟气排放中存在的问题及原因进行了探讨,并提出了改进措施及建议,旨在为石煤提钒企业在烟气污染物治理控制方面提供参考。     

基于AGA-BP神经网络的采空区危险性评价

针对采空区危险性评价的影响因素众多且关系复杂的特点,提出了基于AGA-BP神经网络算法评价采空区危险性。将岩体结构、地质构造、岩石抗压强度等13个影响因子作为神经网络输入,采空区危险性等级作为输出,建立一个采空区危险性评价的BP神经网络模型;采用自适应遗传算法(AGA)对BP网络的初始权值和阈值进行全局寻优,将寻优结果回代入网络中进行训练并预测得出采空区危险性等级;利用其它智能算法与该预测结果做出比较,以验证AGA-BP算法的有效性及优越性。结果表明:该算法的优化效果明显,同时在训练时间与预测精度上较其它智能算法有突出的优势,是一种在采空区危险性评价方面值得推广的新方法。     

基于小波分解及遗传BPNN耦合模型的地表水As浓度预测研究

随着工业的快速发展,水体中污染物超标事件时有发生,造成了较严重的水环境污染问题.水环境监测与预报是环境科学研究的重要内容.为了实现地表水砷（As）污染的准确预报,本研究提出小波分解、遗传算法与BP人工神经网络的耦合建模方法,并结合某河流监测站1998—2016年共19年的地表水质监测数据,通过皮尔逊相关系数和信息指标评价法对模型输入变量进行筛选,最后对比分析了在不同水质参数输入情况下BP人工神经网络（BPNN）、遗传算法改进的BPNN（GABP）、小波-遗传BPNN耦合模型（W-GABP）对后6年（2011—2016年） As浓度预测结果的均方根误差（RMSE）、决定系数（R²）、平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）,以确立最优模型.结果表明：①多水质参数BPNN、GABP与W-GABP耦合模型预测结果的MAPE分别为17.51%、15.98%、14.46%,单水质参数BPNN、GABP与W-GABP耦合模型预测结果的MAPE分别为18.78%、16.74%、7.83%;②小波分解数据前处理及遗传算法均能较大程度地提高预测模型的精度;③对于地表水水质预报,需对比不同模型在不同输入变量下的预测结果,以获得最佳的预测精度.单水质参数输入的W-GABP耦合模型能较准确地预报地表水As浓度的变化情况,对数据缺乏地区水质监控和地表水As污染防治具有重要意义.     

突发事件下城市群应急医疗床位共享建模

为给突发事件下城市群应急医疗床位共享提供理论依据,针对突发事件下城市群应急医疗床位共享问题,阐述突发事件下城市群应急医疗床位共享的必要性和可行性,并运用Multi-Hub理论,建立应急医疗床位在城市群集中的优化网络模型,并分析其内涵。在此基础上,采用基于层次分析法的线性回归方法,对多出救点、单个资源、多受灾点的应急医疗床位共享进行优化与讨论,并采用排队分配原则进行应急医疗床位具体去向的落实。研究结果表明:基于Multi-Hub理论的应急医疗床位区域集中优化模型与基于层次分析法的线性规划应急医疗床位调配优化模型,对突发事件下城市群应急医疗床位的共享具有优化和指导作用,能够提高突发事件下城市群应急医疗床位共享的效率,排队分配法能够在不超过医院容纳限度的前提下,保障应急救援的有序性和及时性。     

溶胶粉末复合浸渍法制备颗粒状SCR脱硝催化剂的特性

针对以V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂为成分的颗粒状SCR脱硝催化剂在制备过程中存在的有效组分加载均匀性等问题,尝试了利用偏钛酸溶胶作为载体的催化剂生产方法.利用粉末/溶胶复合浸渍方式设计出4种催化剂的制备方法并分别制得样品.通过在不同温度条件下样品对烟气中NO_x成分去除效能的性能测试,以及进行相关的微观表征分析,研究比较了不同制备方式对催化剂特性的影响规律,旨在探索出一种合理、高效的催化剂制备工艺.结果表明:利用偏钛酸溶胶作为载体,同步浸渍加载WO₃和V₂O₅ 2种组分,相比传统的粉末浸渍和两步浸渍方式,该方法能够使浸渍组分在载体表面获得较高的覆盖率,并有效避免了浸渍组分溶出和重结晶现象的发生,所制得的催化剂样品具有较高的脱硝效率.      

Analysis of underlying causes of investigated loss of containment incidents in Dutch Seveso plants using the Storybuilder method

In the Netherlands there are around 400 “Seveso” sites that fall under the Dutch Major Hazards Decree (BRZO) 1999. Between 2006 and 2010 the Dutch Labour Inspectorate's Directorate for Major Hazard Control completed investigations of 118 loss of containment incidents involving hazardous substances from this group. On the basis of investigation reports the incidents were entered in a tailor-made tool called Storybuilder developed for the Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment for identifying the dominant patterns of technical safety barrier failures, barrier task failures and underlying management causes associated with the resulting loss of control events. The model is a bow-tie structure with six lines of defence, three on either side of the central loss of containment event. In the first line of defence, failures in the safety barriers leading to loss of control events were primarily equipment condition failures, pre start-up and safeguarding failures and process deviations such as pressure and flow failures. These deviations, which should have been recovered while still within the safe envelope of operation, were missed primarily because of inadequate indication signals that the deviations have occurred. Through failures of subsequent lines of defence they are developing into serious incidents. Overall, task failures are principally failures to provide adequate technical safety barriers and failures to operate provided barriers appropriately. Underlying management delivery failures were mainly found in equipment specifications and provisions, procedures and competence. The competence delivery system is especially important for identifying equipment condition, equipment isolation for maintenance, pre-start-up status and process deviations. Human errors associated with operating barriers were identified in fifty per cent of cases, were mostly mistakes and feature primarily in failure to prevent deviations and subsequently recover them. Loss of control associated with loss of containment was primarily due to the containment being bypassed (72% of incidents) and less to material strength failures (28%). Transfer pipework, connections in process plant and relief valves are the most frequent release points and the dominant release material is extremely flammable. It is concluded that the analysis of a large number of incidents in Storybuilder can support the quantification of underlying causes and provide evidence of where the weak points exist in major hazard control in the prevention of major accidents.     

河南鸡冠洞洞穴水对极端气候的响应及其控制因素研究

为揭示洞穴水地球化学动态的变化特征及其控制因素,从2009年10月至2013年12月对黄土高原东南缘河南西部栾川县鸡冠洞洞穴水的水化学指标进行了4个完整水文年的动态监测.结果表明:1鸡冠洞洞穴水的化学类型主要是HCO-3-Ca2+-Mg2+和HCO-3-Mg2+-Ca2+型,阴离子中HCO-3占80%以上,阳离子中Ca2+、Mg2+是优势离子,地下河常年处于溶蚀状态,池水、滴水处于沉积状态.2鸡冠洞洞穴滴水、池水可以很好地响应外部气候环境的变化,其地球化学指标具有显著的季节效应.3Ca2+、Mg2+、SO2-4能够敏感地响应极端气候事件引起的年际降水量变化,Ca2+、Mg2+、SO2-4浓度洪涝年升高,干旱年降低.HCO-3主要受CO2浓度控制,对极端气候事件响应不明显.4鸡冠洞地下河中Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO-3、SO2-4浓度波动幅度较小,且无明显的季节变化规律.对2010年和2013年的极端降水事件响应不明显.     

莠去津降解菌HB-5的最佳产酶培养基及发酵条件

从农药厂废水中分离到一株降解莠去滓的节杆菌(Arthrobacter sp.)HB-5,以从该菌中提取到的降解酶对莠去津的降解率为指标,进行最佳产酶培养基及发酵条件的优化研究,对其产酶量进行了评价.通过正交试验和均匀试验,对细菌HB-5的发酵培养基进行了优化研究.运用SAS软件进行结果分析,所获优化培养基配方为:蔗糖3.0g·L-1,莠去津0.38g·L-1,K2HPO40.5g·L-1,KH2PO41.2 g·L-1,MgSO4·7H2O 1.2g·L-1,NaCl 0.1g·L-1,微量元素溶液3.8mL·L-1.得到菌株培养的最佳优化条件为:菌株发酵液培养时间为48h.接种量为2%,发酵液初始pH值为9,250mL三角瓶中装液量为80mL经优化后,降解酶对莠去津的降解率(91.64%)比原培养基(40.67%)提高了125%.