ASSESSMENT OF REMOTE SENSING INPUT TO HYDROLOGIC MODELS1

Remotely sensed variables such as land cover type and snow-cover extent can currently be used directly and effectively in a few specific hydrologic models. Regression models can also be developed using physiographic and snow-cover data to permit estimation of discharge characteristics over extended periods such as a season or year. Most models, however, are not of an appropriate design to readily accept as input the various types of remote sensing parameters that can be obtained now or in the future. Because this new technology has the potential for producing hydrologic data that has significant information content on an areal basis, both inexpensively and repetitively, effort should be devoted now to either modifying existing models or developing new models that can use these data. Minor modifications would at least allow the remote sensing data to be used in an ancillary way to update the model state variables, whereas major structural modifications or new models would permit direct input of the data through remote sensing compatible algorithms. Although current remote sensing inputs to hydrologic models employ only visible and near infrared data, model modification or development should accommodate microwave and thermal infrared data that will be more widely available in the future.     

基于自回归GA-BP神经网络的AQI预测

基于徐州市2013年12月—2018年11月的空气质量指数日均值,建立了时间序列自回归输入的GA-BP神经网络模型用于空气质量指数预测。结果表明,所建立的网络模型能够准确预测徐州市空气质量指数的变化趋势,其中夏季预测相对误差18. 23%,仿真均方根误差(RMSE)为14. 59;冬季预测相对误差9. 14%,仿真RMSE为11. 47。     

2008-2017年苏州沿江三市主要入江支流水质变化特征

采用单因子评价法和Spearman秩相关系数评价法，对2008—2017年苏州沿江三市（张家港、常熟、太仓）主要入江支流水质变化特征进行分析。结果表明，苏州沿江三市的入江支流水质总体好转，张家港市入江支流水质明显好转，太仓市入江支流水质有所好转，常熟市入江支流水质总体保持稳定；NH₃-N、COD和BOD₅是影响入江支流水质的主要污染指标；主要污染指标优Ⅲ类比例总体呈上升趋势，但2014—2016年有所下降。2017年沿江三市入江支流水质总体处于Ⅲ类水平。     

接种液的制备及对BOD 5测定的影响

通过试验,找到了一种简便可行的制备接种液的方法,即在城市管道污水中,加入少量肉汤培养基,于37℃培养箱中培养18 h～24 h便可.用这种方法制得的接种液能较好地测定各种废水的生化需氧量.     

2-(2''''-喹啉偶氮)-4,5-二甲氧基苯酚的合成及其光度法测定水中的钴

合成了新试剂2-(2'-喹啉偶氮)-4,5-二甲氧基苯酚,研究了其与钴(Ⅱ)的显色反应,在pH=5.5的HAc-NaAc缓冲介质中,在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)存在下,2-(2'-喹啉偶氮)-4,5-二甲氧基苯酚与钴生成2∶1稳定的配合物,该配合物λmax=575 nm,摩尔吸光系数ε为2.443×104 L·mol-1·cm-1.钴含量在0～0.4 mg/L内符合比耳定律.新方法用于水样中微量钴的测定,结果满意.     

Degradation of poly(β-hydroxyalkanoates) and polyolefin blends in a municipal wastewater treatment facility

Six types of plastics and plastic blends, the latter composed at least partially of biodegradable material, were exposed to aerobically treated wastewater (activated sludge) to ascertain their biodegradability. In one study, duplicate samples of 6% starch in polypropylene, 12% starch in linear low-density polyethylene, 30% polycaprolactone in linear low-density polyethylene, and poly(-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB/V), a microbially produced polyester, were exposed to activated sludge for 5 months, and changes in mass, molecular weight average, and tensile properties were measured. None of the blended material showed any sign of degradation. PHB/V, however, showed a considerable loss of mass and a significant loss of tensile strength. In a second study, PHB/V degraded rapidly, but another type of microbial polymer which forms a thermoplastic elastomer, poly(-hydroxyoctanoate), did not degrade. These results illustrate the potential for disposal and degradation of PHB/V in municipal wastewater.     

生化需氧量的测定及其影响因素

综述了ＢＯＤ５测定确定稀释倍数的各种方法，并对ＢＯＤ５测定的其它影响因素诸如稀释水接种、温度、溶解氧、振动及测定方法等进行了较为深入的探讨与总结。     

基于人工神经网络的矿井通风系统评价研究

以矿井通风系统的“安全可靠、经济合理”和其定义所包含的各项内容为依据,从矿井通风动力、通风网络、通风设施、通风质量、通风监测、防灾抗灾能力、通风电耗、通风能力8个方面,确立了16项矿井通风系统评价指标,建立了一个新的矿井通风系统评价指标体系。采用人工神经网络中的BP网络算法,在VisualC++6.0平台上研制开发了矿井通风系统评价BP网络模型的计算机程序。并经过实际生产矿井检验,预测结果与实际完全吻合,说明了笔者所确定的矿井通风系统评价指标体系可以反映矿井通风系统的状况,所采用的BP网络算法正确,可以用来指导实际工作。该计算程序简单,易于操作,有一定的推广应用价值。     

关于CODcr与BOD5相关关系模型的探讨

假设CODNB／COD为一常数从BOD5与COD的构成及降解动力学出发，这一研究假设为基础，得到BOD5与COD的相关模型，应用上海东海啤酒厂糖化工段废水的实测数据和数理统计方法对模型进行了检验，表明其具有实用性，从而可从COD值快速预报BOD5值，此模型适用于所有城市污水，不同的废水，其斜率值不同。     

从非典事件看政府的危机管理制度创新

传染性非典型肺炎一度在世界各地迅速蔓延,是对政府的危机管理制度一次前所未有的严峻考验。这次非典危机也暴露出了我国政府危机管理制度存在的缺陷。我们必须抓住这个契机,进行政府危机管理制度的创新,以不断提升政府的危机管理能力。