Heavy Metals and Radiochemical Analyses in the Sediments of the Rapallo Harbour

To assess the natural and anthropogenic radiocontamination, sediment samples were collected in the Tigullio Gulf (Ligurian Sea). the results presented here indicate a significant Cs-137 contamination (about 20 Bqkg^-1 dry weight) while concentrations of “primordial” natural radioisotopes were similar to those detected in other coastal areas. Gross sedimentation rates, determined through measurements of Be-7 concentrations, were at about 4-5 cm in the last 6 months. Natural and artificial radioactivity concentrations have been compared with data obtained in other Mediterranean areas. Heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg) concentrations were also determined inside the bay. Most elements displayed quite constant concentrations through the sediment core, except for copper which had showed highest concentrations in the top 16 cm of the sediment.     

Sm2(Zr1-xTix)2O7陶瓷材料的结构及热物理性能

目的研究氧化物TiO_2 B位掺杂对Sm_2Zr2O_7陶瓷材料的结构及热物理性能的影响。方法以Sm_2O_3、ZrO_2、TiO_2为原料,通过高温固相合成法制备用过渡金属氧化物TiO_2掺杂Sm_2Zr2O_7的Sm_2(Zr_(1-x)Ti_x)_2O_7(x=0,0.2,0.4,x为摩尔分数)陶瓷材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究陶瓷材料的物相结构以及显微形貌,利用阿基米德原理测定陶瓷材料的体积密度。根据Neumann-Kopp定律计算材料热容,采用高温热膨胀仪及激光导热仪对材料的热膨胀性能和热导率进行表征。结果 Sm_2(Zr_(1-x)Ti_x)_2O_7体系陶瓷材料为立方烧绿石结构,显微结构致密,晶界清晰。Sm_2Zr2O_7掺杂小离子半径Ti~(4+)使其热膨胀系数有所提高,热扩散系数降低,并在高温下表现出类似于玻璃的超低热导率。800℃时,Sm_2Zr_(1.6)Ti_(0.4)O_7的热导率为1.29 W/(m·K),平均热膨胀系数达到10.6×10~(-6) K~(-1)。结论由于基质原子与取代原子之间的原子量差随Ti掺杂量的增加而逐渐降低,其热导率随Ti掺杂量增加而升高。     

ZrO2掺杂对La2Ce2O7力学和热物理性能 影响的研究

目的提高La_2Ce_2O_7(LC)陶瓷材料的断裂韧性。方法采用固相反应方法合成Y_2O_3稳定ZrO_2(YSZ)掺杂的La_2Ce_2O_7(LC)陶瓷材料(LCZ),研究LCZ块材的弹性模量、断裂韧性等力学性能,以及热膨胀系数、热传导率等热物理性能。结果 10%YSZ摩尔分数掺杂的LCZ块材的断裂韧性约为1.4 MPa·m1/2,比LC提高了近10%。YSZ掺杂有效地抑制了LC在200～400℃温度区间热膨胀系数下降的现象。在200～1200℃温度范围内,LCZ块材的热膨胀系数为10×10-6～12×10-6K-1,在1200℃的热导率约为0.75W/(m·K),比YSZ降低了50%以上,显示了优异的隔热性能。结论 YSZ的掺杂使LC中部分Zr4+取代了La3+,降低了晶格中的O空位浓度,原子的横向剪切运动被削弱,有效地抑制了LC在200～400℃温度区间热膨胀系数下降的现象。由于t-ZrO_2→m-ZrO_2的相变对微裂纹的愈合作用,10%YSZ掺杂使LC块材的断裂韧性得到有效提高。     

影响悬浮颗粒物吸收系数测量的相关因素研究

水体悬浮颗粒物吸收系数是水色遥感研究中的关键参数之一,为研究不同因素对吸收系数测量结果的影响,分别采用透射法(T法)、透射反射法(T-R法)和吸收法(A法)测量颗粒物吸收系数.结果表明,A法在测量悬浮颗粒物吸收系数时受滤膜差异性、滤膜含水量以及滤膜颗粒物分布不均匀等因素的影响较小,测量精度较高.对不同测量方法的光程放大因子的研究结果表明,不同测量方法,不同颗粒物富集量会有不同的光程放大因子.采用线性拟合的方法求得A法、T法和T-R法的平均光程放大因子为4.01、2.32和2.20,相关系数分别为0.90、0.80和0.87.对于A法和T-R法,采用二次多项式拟合的方法计算光程放大因子可以提高测量精度,相关系数分别为0.95和0.94.对比各影响因素对测量结果造成的平均相对误差发现,光程放大因子是颗粒物吸收系数测量最大的误差来源.     

“Horizontal” and “vertical” diffusion: The cumulative influence of Impact and Benefit Agreements (IBAs) on mining policy-production in New Caledonia

The scale, duration and intensity of conflicts over mineral resources vary greatly. However, they always involve, in varying proportions, the triad stakeholder model—corporation, state, community—each element of which is internally heterogeneous. Increasingly, new players are entering the scene: international non-governmental organizations (NGOs), environmental grassroots groups, indigenous transnational networks, international aid and development agencies. Nevertheless, conflicts and arrangements around access to and control over mineral resources can take the apparent form of dyadic relationships between companies and local communities, resulting in negotiated company-community agreements, often called “Impact and Benefit Agreements” (IBAs). In our analysis, local agreements on mineral resource governance are seen as building blocks in the production of mining policy “from below”, even though they seem at first sight to exclude the state. This paper argues that these agreements, and the negotiations surrounding them, inform debates around mining through both “horizontal diffusion” (influence on other localities facing similar situations) and “vertical diffusion” (influence on policy design and implementation at upper political and administrative levels). This diffusion may occur in a “positive” sense, effecting further change in line with the intent of the original agreement, or in a “negative” one, actually making substantive change less likely, whether at a community or policy level. We build this argument through two case studies from New Caledonia, in the south-west Pacific, where mining has long been a key issue, especially in the current context of “negotiated decolonization” launched by the 1998 Nouméa Accord.     

人尿中痕量铜的分光光度测定

本文采用自己合成的水溶性卟啉Ｔ（４－ＴＡＰ）Ｐ作试剂，在ｐＨ４５，盐酸羟胺存在下，建立了一种测定人尿中痕量铜的分光光度法，操作简便，结果准确，令人满意。     

Prenatal diagnosis of smith–lemli–opitz syndrome is possible by measurement of 7-dehydrocholesterol in amniotic fluid

Amniocentesis was performed at 17.3 weeks in a pregnancy with severe intrauterine growth retardation. Cytogenetic studies on amniocytes were normal, 46,XX, and the pregnancy was continued. The diagnosis of Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome was suspected in the neonatal period and confirmed by the presence of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) in the plasma (0.4 mmol/l, normal = not detectable) associated with a low total cholesterol concentration (0.4 mmol/l, normal = 2.56 ± 0.23). Retrospective analysis of the amniotic fluid sample revealed an elevated level of 7-DHC (0.022 mmol/l; normal = undetectable). Therefore measurement of 7-DHC levels in amniotic fluid during the second trimester of pregnancy is useful for the prenatal diagnosis of Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome in families at risk and should be considered in cases of severe growth retardation of unknown aetiology for which amniotic fluid is available and in which a normal chromosomal pattern in amniocytes is present.     

13C同位素稀释法测定国产多氯联苯的2,3,7,8－TCDD毒性当量

应用质量控制方法测定了２种国产商品多氯联苯中１７个，２，３，７，８位有氯取代的二ｅｙｉｎｇ同族体，获得准确的定量结果，加入＾１３Ｃ标记物的ＰＣＢｓ样品用多级酸碱硅胶柱和氧化铝柱提取分离，用毛细管色谱／高分辨质谱定量，２种样品中都含有较多的２，３，７，８－ＴＣＤＦ和２，３，７，８Ｐ５ＣＤＦ，１＾＃ＰＣＢ的２，３，７，８－ＴＣＤＤ毒性当量值为２１７ｎｇ／ｇ，２＾＃ＰＣＢ为４１７ｎｇ／ｇ，毒性主要来自Ｐ     

重铬酸钾对方形网纹瑵的毒性研究

研究了在２５℃条件下重铬酸钾对方形网纹蚤Ｃｅｒｉｏｄａｐｈｎｉａ ｑｕａｄｒａｎｇｕｌａ（Ｏ．Ｆ．Ｍｕｌｅｒ）存活，生殖和生长的影响。急性试验求得重铬酸钾对该蚤的２４ｈ和４８ｈＥＣ５０值分别为１．０１７９ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．４１２７ｍｇ／Ｌ；其可信限分别为０．４６９８－１．７１８０ｍｇ／ｌ和０．１９８０－０．６９８８ｍｇ／Ｌ。慢性试验以存活，生殖和生长为毒性指标，未觉察反应浓度（ＮＯＥＣ）为０．０６２５     

稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocyprisrarus)七天亚慢性毒性试验

研究了稀有鲫(Gobiocyprisrarus)作为亚慢性毒性试验材料的可能性,测定了铬、铜、锌、镉和五氯酚对稀有鲫的7d亚慢性毒性,它们对稀有鲫的无可观测效应浓度(NOEC)分别是2500、10、200、20和80μg/L.最低可观察效应浓度(LOEC)则分别为5000、20、400、40和160μg/L.试验结果表明,稀有鲫是一种较好的亚慢性毒性试验材料。