长江口水体中重金属形态交换过程的研究

研究了重金属在水体中溶解态和颗粒态的含量分布,并以一个代表性水平剖面和垂直剖面分析了金属形态交换过程。其动态交换是,重金属由颗粒态沿水平方向交换时向溶解态转化,形态转化强度为Ｎｉ〉Ｆｅ〉Ｃｏ〉Ｃｕ〉Ｍｎ〉Ｐｂ;重金属的垂向交换过程,都是被铁锰（水合）氧化物及有机质吸附,向金属铁锰氧化物态转化,形态转化强度为Ｐｂ〉Ｃｕ〉Ｍｎ〉Ｆｅ〉Ｎｉ〉Ｃｏ,最后得出长江口海域金属污染程度及环境现状。     

稀有■鲫、大鳞泥鳅——新的七天亚慢性毒性试验材料

讨论了稀有鲫和大鳞泥鳅作为七天亚慢性毒性试验材料的可行性?依据生长和现存量作为观察指标,测定了铬?铜?锌?镉和五氯酚对稀有鲫的无可观察效应浓度(NOEC)和最低可观察效应浓度(LOEC),铬和五氯酚对大鳞泥鳅的NOEC和LOEC?铬?铜?锌?镉和五氯酚对稀有鲫的NOEC分别是2500,10,200,20,80μg/L,LOEC分别是5000,20,400,40,160μg/L?铬和五氯酚对大鳞泥鳅的NOEC是2500和80μg/L,LOEC是5000和160μg/L?试验结果表明,稀有鲫和大鳞泥鳅是七天亚慢性试验的好材料?      

超声波协同活性碳纤维活化过一硫酸盐降解AO7

采用超声波(US)和活性碳纤维(ACF)协同活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)产生硫酸根自由基(SO_4~-·)降解偶氮染料酸性橙7(AO7).在US/ACF/PMS体系中,当ACF投加量为0.3 g·L~(-1),n(PMS)/n(AO7)为20/1,US功率密度为10 W·cm~(-2)时,反应30 min后,AO7完全降解.其中,初始pH对AO7降解有较大的影响,pH为2.0时AO7降解效果最好;Cl~-对US/ACF/PMS体系降解AO7有促进作用,Cl-浓度越高,AO7降解速率越快;且ACF在重复使用4次时,协同US活化PMS对AO7仍具有较好的脱色率.通过总有机碳分析发现,US/ACF/PMS体系对染料AO7具有一定的矿化率.采用紫外可见光谱、气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)对AO7降解过程进行了分析,表明AO7分子中偶氮键及萘环结构均被破坏,并进一步矿化为CO_2和H_2O.     

环境污染区划一种新的多元分析方法

本文应用多元统计分析—ＨｏｔｅｌｉｎｇＴ２检验,对来自客观环境的大气污染实测数据进行了分析,并与常规的ｔ检验、聚类分析方法进行比较,认为该法在环境污染评价问题中,具有较高的分辨环境污染时空分异的效力。     

医用电气设备的环境试验

国家标准GB9706.1-2007《医用电气设备第1部分：安全通用要求》中10.1和10.2明确规定了医用电气设备的运输和储存、运行等环境条件,具体试验方法则依据国家标准GB/T14710-93《医用电气设备环境要求及试验方法》。     

The perpetual state of emergency that sacrifices protected areas in a changing climate

A modern challenge for conservation biology is to assess the consequences of policies that adhere to assumptions of stationarity (e.g., historic norms) in an era of global environmental change. Such policies may result in unexpected and surprising levels of mitigation given future climate‐change trajectories, especially as agriculture looks to protected areas to buffer against production losses during periods of environmental extremes. We assessed the potential impact of climate‐change scenarios on the rates at which grasslands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) are authorized for emergency harvesting (i.e., biomass removal) for agricultural use, which can occur when precipitation for the previous 4 months is below 40% of the normal or historical mean precipitation for that 4‐month period. We developed and analyzed scenarios under the condition that policy will continue to operate under assumptions of stationarity, thereby authorizing emergency biomass harvesting solely as a function of precipitation departure from historic norms. Model projections showed the historical likelihood of authorizing emergency biomass harvesting in any given year in the northern Great Plains was 33.28% based on long‐term weather records. Emergency biomass harvesting became the norm (>50% of years) in the scenario that reflected continued increases in emissions and a decrease in growing‐season precipitation, and areas in the Great Plains with higher historical mean annual rainfall were disproportionately affected and were subject to a greater increase in emergency biomass removal. Emergency biomass harvesting decreased only in the scenario with rapid reductions in emissions. Our scenario‐impact analysis indicated that biomass from lands enrolled in the CRP would be used primarily as a buffer for agriculture in an era of climatic change unless policy guidelines are adapted or climate‐change projections significantly depart from the current consensus.     

Case study: T2 Laboratories explosion

A tragic explosion resulting from a runaway chemical reaction occurred at the T2 Laboratories, Inc. facility in December 2007. The U.S. Chemical Safety Board (CSB) completed an incident investigation of the T2 explosion, identifying the root cause as a failure to recognize the runaway reaction hazard associated with the chemical it was producing. Understanding the consequences of process upset conditions is critical to determine risk. This paper will focus on lessons learned from this incident including a comprehensive hazard assessment for reactive chemicals as well as proper collection and application of adiabatic calorimetry data to characterize the chemical reaction and determine appropriate mitigation strategies. Examples will be provided to establish safer operating conditions, implement safeguards and reduce the overall risk.     

活性炭及活性炭纤维对CS2的吸附行为研究及其方法探讨

以活性炭纤维(ACF)对水中CS:的吸附处理作为研究对象,并与另外两种活性炭(颗粒活性炭GAC和粉末活性炭PAC)进行对比研究,展示了ACF对CS:的优异吸附性能与处理效果,即吸附容量大,吸附低浓度效果好.同时运用新的宽平衡浓度吸附试验方法,测试了ACF、GAC、PAC对CS2的吸附平衡曲线,并对几种常见的吸附等温方程...     

1株转座子插入突变菌株TB34的筛选及产氢分析

以分离自红树林污泥的厌氧发酵产氢细菌Pantoea agglomerans BH18为出发菌株,利用转座子Tn7构建突变体文库.通过卡那霉素抗性筛选与PCR扩增,鉴定转座子插入突变菌株.通过初筛和复筛,获得1株突变菌TB34,其产氢量较野生菌株明显提高.在初始pH为7.0和葡萄糖浓度10 g.L-1的海水培养条件下,产氢量(H2/葡萄糖)为(2.04±0.04)mol.mol-1,相比野生菌株产氢量提高43%.经过5次连续传代培养,突变菌株TB34表现出稳定的产氢特性.测定突变菌株TB34在不同碳源培养条件下的产氢量.结果表明,突变菌株TB34和野生菌株BH18都能利用蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖发酵产氢.与野生菌株BH18不同,突变菌株TB34在以木糖为底物培养条件下仍能够发酵产氢,产氢量(H2/木糖)为(1.34±0.09)mol.mol-1,扩大了底物利用范围.     

The Great East Japan Earthquake,tsunami, and nuclear meltdown: towards the (re)construction of a safe,sustainable, and compassionate society in Japan's shrinking regions

Japan's rural regions have been shrinking for the entire post-war period, and successive efforts to revitalise rural society have failed. This article examines whether the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, and the subsequent meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, present the Japanese state and society with a watershed opportunity to rethink regional revitalisation and national energy procurement strategies. The article begins by summarising the events of March and April 2011, examines possible approaches to the reconstruction of communities in the Tōhoku region, and critiques problems of governance in post-war Japan that the disaster reveals. It concludes by pulling together the information and analysis presented into a discussion of the prospects for achieving the three-point vision for a safe, sustainable, and compassionate society that Prime Minister Naoto Kan set the Reconstruction Design Council.