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51.
本研究选择污染严重的北京作为研究区域,自2013年12月起至2014年12月,通过设在北五环中国环境科学研究院(CRAES)内的定点监测,获得375天有效平行样品(T和Q)。统计结果表明,2014年北京市PM_(2.5)质量浓度从优良水平的6.9μg/m~3到极重污染的422.1μg/m~3,年均浓度值在100μg/m~3左右。T组和Q组线性相关,但T/Q并非定值,冬季最高,R~2=0.974,对应T/Q=1.014,可能由于冬季污染程度较重,滤膜性能差异可忽略。除春季外,其它三季的PM_(2.5)都是T组>Q组,与石英膜的纤维结构不够致密有关。以T组质量浓度数据为准,与国控监测点奥体中心点公报的日均PM_(2.5)进行比对,结果显示二者基本同步,在春冬季呈现较高的污染浓度,在夏季最低。在严重污染时(PM_(2.5)>250.0μg/m~3),在线监测可能低估PM_(2.5)而T组能更客观地记录实际污染状况。统计2014年全年污染等级分布,4~8月份基本未出现重度污染,而在冬季采暖期10~12月份,优良天数不足50%。综合分析风速、相对湿度对PM_(2.5)质量浓度的影响,证实冬季取暖燃煤和无风、高湿、逆温的静稳天气是霾频发的主要原因。 相似文献
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根据《国家重点研发计划管理暂行办法》,国家重点研发计划重点专项和项目要聚焦国家重大战略、以目标为导向,从基础前沿、重大共性关键技术到应用示范进行全链条创新设计、一体化组织实施。为有效完成科技计划管理改革对专业机构项目过程管理提出的新要求,本文简要阐述专业机构对"水资源高效开发利用"重点专项管理的设想,为其他以技术研发与应用示范为主要产出形式的科研项目提供借鉴。 相似文献
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7A52铝合金干湿交替情况下电偶腐蚀行为研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的研究海洋环境下7A52铝合金在干湿周浸使用过程中的电偶腐蚀现象。方法实验配制3.5%的Na Cl水溶液浸泡试样,实验周期为504 h,全浸试样作为对比试样,在实验周期内一直浸泡在Na Cl水溶液中。测试试样干湿周浸情况下7A52与5A06,38Cr Si之间的电偶电流及电偶电压,使用SEM分析腐蚀后的表面形貌。结果 7A52-5A06干湿周浸试样电偶电流变化不大,全浸试样电偶电流较初期变化较大,后期电偶电流的大小只有初期电偶电流大小的1/8左右,7A52-38Cr Si全浸试样与干湿交替情况下电偶电流基本相同。随着试验的进行,干湿交替及全浸情况下电偶电流的差异逐渐变大,电偶电流增大约为实验初期的10倍;全浸情况下试样表面腐蚀产物较致密,干湿周浸情况下腐蚀产物较为疏松。结论在3.5%的Na Cl水溶液干湿周浸情况下,7A52-5A06,7A52-38Cr Si的平均电偶腐蚀速度要大于全浸状态下的平均电偶腐蚀速度,干湿周浸情况下,7A52-5A06,7A52-38Cr Si腐蚀后试样表面形态具有较大差异,5A06在相同实验条件下的耐腐蚀性要好于7A52。 相似文献
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利用Cu2+与水中的S2-形成难溶的CUS,剩余Cu2+的含量用T(4-MOP)PS4光度法测定,间接求得S2-的含量.研究了沉淀和显色的最佳条件.在PH8.5左右,形成难溶的CuS,过量的铜在pH4.0用T(4-MOP)PS4显色,然后用稀HCl酸化至PH2.3左右测定,以提高方法的选择性,并探讨了共存离子的干扰情况.S2-的含量在0-0.20μg/ml范围内符合比尔定律,相关系数r=0.9995,回收率为94.02%-100.8%.建立的方法用于废水中可溶性硫化物的测定,结果与标准方法一致. 相似文献
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The selection of new settlement areas and the construction of safe buildings, as well as rendering built‐up areas safe, are of great importance in mitigating the damage caused by natural disasters. Most cities in Turkey are unprepared for natural hazards. In this paper, Çanakkale, located in a first‐degree seismic zone and sprawled around the Sartçay Delta, is examined in terms of its physical vulnerability to natural hazards. Residential areas are analysed using GIS (geographic information system) and remote‐sensing technologies in relation to selected indicators. Residential areas of the city are divided into zones according to an evaluation of geological characteristics, the built‐up area's features, and urban infrastructure, and four risk zones are determined. The results of the analysis show that the areas of the city suitable for housing are very limited. In addition, the historical centre and the housing areas near Sartçay stream are shown to be most problematic in terms of natural disasters and sustainability. 相似文献
60.
Abstract Distributions of 210Pb and 7Be in the aerosol particles of different size fractions were measured around Taiwan offshore areas from October, 1994 to October, 1995. the size distribution and abundance of the aerosol particles showed both spatial and temporal variations. the particle concentrations off northwestern Taiwan were more than twice as those off northeastern Taiwan both in November and March, and the values were much higher in November than in March for both areas. the measured particle concentrations, except for one sample with an unusually high value, ranged from 10 to 83 μOgm ?3 in the study areas. the 210Pb concentrations in the aerosol particles filtered from the air mass varied between 20 × 10?3 and 72 × 10?3 dpm m?3 (1dpm = 0.45 pCi). the 210Pb concentrations in the area off southwestern Taiwan appeared somewhat higher than in other areas and were probably contributed by the land air from Taiwan which contains higher 210Pb in winter. the 210Pb concentrations off northern Taiwan were low in November when the aerosol concentrations were high, but they were high in March when the aerosol concentrations were low. Based on the 7Be monitoring records of 20 years on the aerosol particles of the island by the Taiwan Radiation Monitoring Center, the mean settling rate averaged 0.91, 0.79 and 0.68 cm s?1, respectively, in northern, central and southern Taiwan. with these values and the 210Pb concentrations in the aerosols, the 210Pb flux was determined to be between 0.58 and 2.30 dpm cm?2y?1, with an average of 1.19 dpm cm?2y?1. Excluding the highest value due to its extremely high 210Pb and aerosol concentrations, the average is reduced to 1.05 dpm cm?2y?1. the activity median diameters (AMD) for 210Pb in the study areas were between 0.69 and < 0.49 μM with a mean of 0.5 öm based on 210Pb distributions in different particle size fractions. Thus, 210Pb was preferentially adsorbed on to the submicron particles. 7Be in the study areas showed a good correlation with 210Pb in total activity although the two nucides had different sources. 相似文献