废聚苯乙烯硝化氧化制对硝基苯甲酸

研究了用聚苯乙烯废料为原料,经过硝化氧化制造具有高附加值的精细化工产品－对硝基苯甲酸。探讨了影响对硝基苯甲酸产率的因素,如硝酸的浓度和用量,压力,反应时间及催化剂用量等。结果表明,在优化条件下对硝基苯甲酸产率达５２％,产品纯度为９９％。     

Selection of (bio) indicators to assess effects of freshwater use in wetlands: a case study of s’Albufera de Mallorca, Spain

Parc Natural sAlbufera de Mallorca is an internationally recognised resting area for a wide array of migratory birds, and like most wetlands it has many other ecological functions and socio-economic values. In the catchment, in which the wetland is situated, expanding tourism and intensification of agriculture place much pressure on a limited amount of freshwater. The freshwater supply to the wetland decreased due to water-extraction mainly driven by intensification of agriculture in the catchment. As a result saltwater intrusion increased since 1983–1985. This had considerable impacts on the ecological integrity of the wetland as reflected by changes in the state of the aquatic ecosystem. The distribution of submerged plants, less tolerant of salinity, declined or disappeared, while the distribution of species, known to prefer high salinity increased. As a contribution to the development of monitoring programs and management strategies that address both socio-economic and natural water demand, this article will formulate ecological criteria to assess the natural water demand by selection of (bio)indicators within the aquatic ecosystem.     

胃蛋白酶与对磺酸基杯芳烃相互作用研究

采用荧光光谱法和紫外可见分光光度法研究了胃蛋白酶与对磺酸基杯芳烃和对磺酸基杯芳烃相互作用时光谱性质的变化,发现两种对磺酸基杯芳烃对胃蛋白酶的荧光均有猝灭作用,并根据Stern—Volmer方程及紫外-可见吸收光谱得出猝灭机理均为静态猝灭。根据反应的热力学参数得出对磺酸基杯芳烃对胃蛋白酶的作用力均属于静电作用力,并依据Forster无辐射能量转移理论得出荧光给体（胃蛋白酶）-受体（对磺酸基杯芳烃）间的距离r。用同步荧光光谱技术考察了两种对磺酸基杯芳烃对胃蛋白酶构象的影响。     

The NIOSH Construction Program: Research to practice, impact, and developing a National Construction Agenda

The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducts research to improve and protect the health and safety of workers. This paper describes the experience of the NIOSH Construction Program with two recent program planning initiatives intended to improve the program: (a) an independent external review of work over the past decade and (b) the development of strategic goals organized into a “National Construction Agenda” to guide a decade of future work. These goals, developed with input from construction industry stakeholders and researchers, are a part of the NIOSH National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) initiative. The NORA goals are intended to provide an ambitious set of goals for all construction stakeholders to work together on. Both efforts relate to insuring the relevance and impact of research, reflecting an emerging policy perspective that research programs should be judged not just by the quality and quantity of science produced, but by the industry impact and tangible benefit resulting from the research. This paper describes how views on research planning have evolved to incorporate lessons learned about how research leads to improved safety and health for workers. It also describes the process used to develop the goals and the resulting strategic and intermediate goals that comprise the National Construction Agenda.     

双(对羧苯基)苯基氧化膦阻燃改性聚酯的热解和燃烧特性实验研究

本文以双(对羧苯基)苯基氧化膦为阻燃单体,合成了阻燃共聚酯(COPET)。通过热失重分析和锥形量热分析,研究了阻燃共聚酯的热降解行为和燃烧特性,并对阻燃剂的阻燃机理进行了简单的讨论。实验结果表明,阻燃剂双(对羧苯基)苯基氧化膦是适于聚酯的较好阻燃剂,但其发烟量有待抑制。     

甲基对硫磷降解菌DLL-1的分离、鉴定及降解性研究

从长期施用甲基对硫磷的污染土壤中分离到一株能以甲基对硫磷为唯一碳源生长且能将其完全矿化的细菌 Ｄ Ｌ Ｌ－ １ ,经鉴定,为邻单胞菌（ Ｐｌｅｓｉｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ ．） ．该菌株３ ｈ 内对５０ ｍｇ／ Ｌ甲基对硫磷的降解率为９３ ％ ,２４ｈ 内对５０ ｍｇ／ Ｌ甲基对硫磷的降解率为９５ ％ 以上．在葡萄糖铵盐培养基中, Ｄ Ｌ Ｌ１ 对甲基对硫磷的耐受浓度和降解速度均增大．降解曲线表明延滞期内,菌体依靠上一生长阶段分泌的酶类对甲基对硫磷进行降解,一旦菌体开始生长,则检测不到中间代谢产物对硝基苯酚的存在．生长情况和粗酶液试验均显示 Ｄ Ｌ１ 优良的降解性状     

Ni18Co9Mo5在湿热海洋和亚湿热酸雨大气环境下的性能变化规律研究

目的 研究Ni18Co9Mo5在湿热海洋环境(永兴)和亚湿热酸雨环境(重庆)下的腐蚀行为和力学性能规律。方法 通过金属粉末注塑成形方法制备Ni18Co9Mo5样品,采用力学试验机、X射线衍射分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、金相显微镜对Ni18Co9Mo5在永兴和重庆典型大气环境下暴露试验18个月的性能变化规律进行研究。结果 Ni18Co9Mo5样品的耐蚀性较差,在海洋环境和亚湿热酸雨下暴露2个月即出现明显的腐蚀现象,在平均相对湿度达到临界湿度(80%)基础上,腐蚀介质SO₂(亚湿热酸雨环境)和Cl^–(海洋环境)对Ni18Co9Mo5金属材料的早期腐蚀具有加剧作用。Ni18Co9Mo5在永兴试验18个月后,腐蚀产物较为疏松,且样品内外腐蚀区域均存在明显裂纹,其抗拉强度和冲击能量分别下降43%和60%左右;在重庆试验18个月后,其抗拉强度下降15%,冲击能量整体变化不明显。湿热海洋环境中侵蚀性强的Cl–导致Ni18Co9Mo5发生点蚀,甚至裂纹萌生及扩展,加剧了样品基体的腐蚀,有效承载面积减小及裂纹导致力学性能明显下降。结论 Ni18Co9M...     

基于以太网和无线通讯技术的环境监测系统

针对油田、矿井和天然气井等能源开采现场复杂的地理环境,对现场环境监测系统的安装、布局有严格的要求,而且对环境参数的检测要具有很高的实时性。结合无线通讯及以太网技术设计的环境监控系统,以MSP430F149为平台设计的数据采集终端,以基于ARM9技术的AT91SAM9261为平台设计的现场控制器,很好地解决了能源工业现场布线困难、移动不便及远程监控困难的缺点,介绍了系统的工作原理、组成、方案设计以及现场控制器的软件设计。     

基于安全保障的分布式电源选址定容优化研究

分布式电源的发展是我国智能电网发展中的重要方面之一,基于安全保障性,合理地对分布式电源进行选址定容,对于中低压配电网规划具有重要意义。分析了分布式电源对配网的具体安全性影响。提出以安全第一、成本最小、网损最小、电压偏移最小为目标的综合效用目标函数模型,并采用遗传算法求解。通过对IEEE9节点配电网络的算例分析验证了所提算法在分布式电源选址定容求解问题中的可行性和实用性。