全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7661篇 |
免费 | 752篇 |
国内免费 | 2881篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 954篇 |
废物处理 | 403篇 |
环保管理 | 1180篇 |
综合类 | 5296篇 |
基础理论 | 1016篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 1616篇 |
评价与监测 | 394篇 |
社会与环境 | 321篇 |
灾害及防治 | 113篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 26篇 |
2023年 | 132篇 |
2022年 | 249篇 |
2021年 | 333篇 |
2020年 | 296篇 |
2019年 | 320篇 |
2018年 | 342篇 |
2017年 | 372篇 |
2016年 | 487篇 |
2015年 | 434篇 |
2014年 | 529篇 |
2013年 | 659篇 |
2012年 | 721篇 |
2011年 | 757篇 |
2010年 | 575篇 |
2009年 | 684篇 |
2008年 | 444篇 |
2007年 | 563篇 |
2006年 | 528篇 |
2005年 | 452篇 |
2004年 | 329篇 |
2003年 | 303篇 |
2002年 | 277篇 |
2001年 | 238篇 |
2000年 | 255篇 |
1999年 | 188篇 |
1998年 | 141篇 |
1997年 | 121篇 |
1996年 | 105篇 |
1995年 | 110篇 |
1994年 | 61篇 |
1993年 | 45篇 |
1992年 | 58篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 23篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
211.
Atsuyoshi Nakayama Norioki Kawasaki Ioannis Arvanitoyannis Seiichi Aiba Noboru Yamamoto 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1996,4(3):205-211
Biodegradable polyesters were synthesized by ring-opening copolymerization of -butyrolactone (BL) and its derivatives withl-lactide (LLA). Although tetraphenyl tin was the main catalyst used, other organometallic catalysts were used as well.1H and13C NMR spectra showed that poly(BL-co-LLA)s were statistical and that their number-average molecular weights were as high as 7×104. The maximum BL content obtained from copolymerization BL/LLA was around 17%. TheT
m andT
g values of the copolymers showed a gradual depression with an increase in BL content. NoT
m was obtained for the copolymers containing more than 13 mol% BL. The biodegradability of the copolyesters was evaluated by enzymatic hydrolysis and nonenzymatic hydrolysis tests. The enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 37°C for 24 h using lipases fromRhizopus arrhizus andR. delemar. Hydrolyses by both lipases showed that an increase in BL content of the copolymer resulted in enhanced biodegradability. Nonenzymatic accelerated hydrolysis of copolymers at 70°C was found to increase proportionally to their exposure time. The hydrolysis rate of these copolymers was considerably faster than that of PLLA. The higher hydrolyzability was recorded for the BL-rich copolymers. The copolymerization of -methyl--butyrolactone (MBL) or -ethyl--butyrolactone (EBL) with LLA resulted in relatively LA-rich copolymers. 相似文献
212.
J. J. Jesudason R. H. Marchessault T. Saito 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1993,1(2):89-98
The synthetic analogue of a bacterially produced polyester, poly(-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was synthesized from racemic -butyrolactone using anin situ trimethyl aluminum-water catalyst. The polymer was fractionated into samples differing in molecular weight and isotactic diad content. The latter was closely related to degree of crystallinity. The biodegradation of these fractions were examined by monitoring mass loss over time in the presence of anAlcaligenes faecalis T1 extracellular bacterial poly(-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase. The fraction with high isotactic diad tacticity content showed little or no degradation over a 50 hour incubation period, whereas the fraction of intermediate isotactic diad content degraded in a continuous steady fashion at a rate that was less than that for bacterial PHB. The low isotactic diad fraction underwent a rapid initial degradation, followed by no further mass loss. The presence of stereoblocks in the polymer structure of the various fractions was an influence on the degree of susceptibility towards degradation and is related to sample crystallinity. 相似文献
213.
用硫酸渣制备铁基颜料铁黄 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以硫酸渣为原料,用黄铁矿粉作还原剂,采用湿式空气氧化法制备铁基颜料铁黄。试验得出的适宜工艺条件为:Fe^2 浓度0.25—0.40mol/L,氧化温度70℃,用氢氧化钠或氨水调节反应液的pH,氧化过程溶液的pH控制在3—4。依照该工艺制得的铁基颜料铁黄,其各项指标符合HG/T2249—91标准。 相似文献
214.
Jonathan B. Butcher 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(6):1521-1528
ABSTRACT: Most watershed water quality simulation models require the user to specify pollutant buildup and washoff rate parameters for pollutants, by land use. Buildup and washoff rates are difficult to measure directly, and only limited guidance and few observed data are available from the literature. Many studies, however, report storm event mean concentrations (EMCs). These EMCs must arise as a result of the buildup and washoff processes, but typically represent the net contribution from a variety of pervious and impervious surfaces. This paper explores the relationship between EMCs and buildup/washoff parameters. An assumption of the mathematical form of the buildup/washoff relationship gives an algebraic expression for the EMC consistent with model assumptions. This yields techniques to separate observed EMCs into contributions from different land uses and from pervious and impervious surfaces. Given this relationship, numerical optimization may be used to estimate site specific values of buildup and washoff parameters from observed storm EMCs for use in modeling. Use of this approach helps ensure that model parameters are consistent with observed data, providing a rational starting point for final model calibration. Several site examples demonstrate use of the method. 相似文献
215.
216.
Tamim Younos Raymond de Leon Christine Lewicki 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(1):1-5
ABSTRACT: The objective of this article is to open a dialogue on integrating service‐learning into community based watershed management programs and to discuss opportunities and challenges that a service‐learning program presents to universities and communities. The article presents the concept and definition of service‐learning, and arguments concerning why institutions of higher education and university faculty and students should be involved with community based watershed management programs. The article describes a case study for developing a service‐learning program for watershed management at Virginia Tech and discusses lessons learned from the case study. The paper concluded that to make a service‐learning program sustainable, there should be a long term plan, regular and effective communication with the stakeholders, and some incentives for faculty and students for long term commitment to the community based watershed management programs. 相似文献
217.
Georgios E. Pavlikakis Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(2):277-288
ABSTRACT: The Ecosystem Management (EM) process belongs to the category of Multi‐Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problems. It requires appropriate decision support systems (DSS) where “all interested people” would be involved in the decision making process. Environmental values critical to EM, such as the biological diversity, health, productivity and sustainability, have to be studied, and play an important role in modeling the ecosystem functions; human values and preferences also influence decision making. Public participation in decision and policy making is one of the elements that differentiate EM from the traditional methods of management. Here, a methodology is presented on how to quantify human preferences in EM decision making. The case study of the National Park of River Nestos Delta and Lakes Vistonida and Ismarida in Greece, presented as an application of this methodology, shows that the direct involvement of the public, the quantification of its preferences and the decision maker's attitude provide a strong tool to the EM decision making process. Public preferences have been given certain weights and three MCDM methods, namely, the Expected Utility Method, Compromise Programming and the Analytic Hierarchy Process, have been used to select alternative management solutions that lead to the best configuration of the ecosystem and are also socially acceptable. 相似文献
218.
Joseph L. Ebersole William J. Liss Christopher A. Frissell 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(2):355-368
ABSTRACT: Discrete cold water patches within the surface waters of summer warm streams afford potential thermal refuge for cold water fishes during periods of heat stress. This analysis focused on reach scale heterogeneity in water temperatures as influenced by local influx of cooler subsurface waters. Using field thermal probes and recording thermistors, we identified and characterized cold water patches (at least 3°C colder than ambient streamflow temperatures) potentially serving as thermal refugia for cold water fishes. Among 37 study sites within alluvial valleys of the Grande Ronde basin in northeastern Oregon, we identified cold water patches associated with side channels, alcoves, lateral seeps, and floodplain spring brooks. These types differed with regard to within floodplain position, area, spatial thermal range, substrate, and availability of cover for fish. Experimental shading cooled daily maximum temperatures of surface waters within cold water patches 2 to 4°C, indicating a strong influence of riparian vegetation on the expression of cold water patch thermal characteristics. Strong vertical temperature gradients associated with heating of surface layers of cold water patches exposed to solar radiation, superimposed upon vertical gradients in dissolved oxygen, can partially restrict suitable refuge volumes for stream salmonids within cold water patches. 相似文献
219.
城市中水系统组成及效益分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
作者阐述了当前城市中水系统的组成及应用现状,并对济南市舜耕小区中水系统的处理流程、经济效益等方面进行分析探讨,提出目前制约城市中水系统发展的主要问题,并为中水回用的顺利实施提供参考。 相似文献
220.