Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter the response of growth and nutrient uptake of snap bean（Phaseolus vulgaris L.） to O_3

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus mosseae on the responses to elevated O3 in growth and nutrition of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Guangzhouyuan) were investigated. Exposure was conducted in growth chambers by using three O3 concentrations (20 (CF), 80 (CFO1) and 120 nL/L (CFO2); 8 hr/day for 75 days). Results showed that elevated O3 slightly impacted overall mycorrhizal colonization, but significantly decreased the proportional frequency of hypha and increased the proportional frequency of spores and vesicles, suggesting that O3 had significant effects on mycorrhizal structure. Elevated O3 significantly decreased yield, dry mass and nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) in both non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants. However, significant interactive effects were found in most variables due to that the reduction by O3 in the mycorrhizal plants was less than that in the non-mycorrhizal plants. Additionally, AMF increased the concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg in shoot and root. It can be concluded that AMF alleviated detrimental effects of increasing O3 on host plant through improving plant nutrition and growth.     

CTMAB增强调控沉积物(生物膜)吸附BPA的作用

研究了经十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS]、曲拉通(TX-100)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)改性前后的沉积物(生物膜)吸附双酚A(BPA)的能力,并分析了CTMAB在沉积物(生物膜)吸附BPA过程中的增强机理及表面吸附和分配作用在总吸附中的贡献.研究结果表明,三种表面活性剂对沉积物(生物膜)吸附BPA的促进作用大小...     

粗粒子气溶胶远距离输送造成华南严重空气污染的分析

2009年4月末,发生了一次罕见的粗粒子气溶胶远距离输送造成华南地区出现严重的空气污染事件,其特征主要是气溶胶质量浓度超标,而能见度没有明显恶化,对这次空气污染事件进行分析的结果表明.在过程中,粗细粒子质量比(PM2.5/PM10)有明显的3次下降,最低达到0.3,即PM2.5仅占PM10的30%,这与珠江三角洲地区通常以细粒子为主的污染特征有很大不同,反映了外来粗粒子的侵入特征.长江流域浮尘天气的沙尘粒子变性后,长距离输送污染物叠加本地污染物,造成这次严重空气污染事件.     

BPA和EE2在PA微塑料上竞争吸附的位点能量

为研究微塑料上雌激素共存的吸附行为,以17α-乙炔基雌二醇（EE2）和双酚A （BPA）为目标污染物,微塑料聚酰胺（PA）为吸附剂,通过等温吸附实验研究二者在单溶质和双溶质体系下的吸附性能,基于位点能量分布理论进一步剖析二者在PA微塑料上的的吸附特性.同时,采用X射线光谱（XPS）以及傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对吸附前后的PA微塑料进行表征,探究其可能存在的吸附机理.等温吸附拟合结果及XPS、FTIR的表征结果表明BPA和EE2及二者混合溶液在PA上的吸附属于非均质吸附,疏水分配及氢键作用为主要的吸附机制.位点能量分布分析结果表明,相同浓度（1～4mg/L）条件下,BPA吸附位点主要分布于高能量区;单溶质体系的EE2吸附位点主要集中于低能量区.双溶质体系下,相同浓度的两种物质位点分布函数均随着位点能量的增大而呈指数降低,BPA下降趋势较为平缓,吸附位点分布更集中.两种体系相比较,BPA平均位点能量和位点能量非均质性分别增加了0.749%和2.483%,吸附位点数量减少了10.852%;双溶质体系下EE2平均位点能量降低0.813%,位点能量非均质性增加1.870%,吸附位点数量增加42.429%.双酚A和EE2在PA微塑料上的竞争吸附中,EE2占优势.     

工业园区TVOC和恶臭的电子鼻检测技术研究

根据工业园区中TVOC和恶臭可能存在的主要气体组分,筛选传感器阵列,构建用于检测工业园区内TVOC和恶臭的电子鼻系统.本研究设计了TVOC污染指数（TPI）和恶臭污染指数（OPI）及基于电子鼻的现场检测方法.在此基础上,结合嘉兴市乍浦港区内化工园区污染情况分析,选择6个检测点进行现场检测,各传感器响应值经PCA分析,提取了2个主成分即可将8个传感器分为2类：TVOC型（S1）和恶臭型（S2～S8）.将现场采集的气体样品用GC/MS进行定性分析,各采样点TVOC物质积分面积百分比在10%以上的累积起来大多都占总面积的90%以上,而恶臭类物质则大多都在10%以下.结果表明：①选用合适的传感器阵列,结合PCA分析,可以初步反映工业园区内TVOC和恶臭的污染情况;②结合电子鼻测得的污染指数与GC/MS定性分析结果,可以大体得出工业园区TVOC和恶臭总体污染情况及各种污染物分布情况;③电子鼻和GIS技术综合应用到工业园区TVOC和恶臭的检测,能初步用于评估工业园区空间污染情况.     

不同进水条件对SBR工艺脱氮除磷效能的影响

采用人工配水,研究进水在不同pH值,碳源类型,碳氮比条件下,厌氧/好氧/缺氧(A/O/A)sBR工艺对生物法脱氮除磷效能的影响.结果表明:不同的进水条件对反应器的影响较大,当pH值为7.5,乙酸钠为碳源,碳氮比为1.4时,反应器运行效果最佳,系统对PO43--P,NH4+-N的去除率分别达到97.28%,99.5%.N...     

中国火山/火山岩景观地质公园展望

本文概略介绍了中国大陆4个火山(岩)为主题的世界地质公园和16个国家地质公园,以及中国香港和中国台湾的两个地质公园。文章还介绍了这些地质公园火山岩喷发时代、火山类型、大地构造环境和火山(岩)景观特征与分类。它们的喷发时代主要为更新世-全新世、中新世、始新世和白垩纪。四个时期的火山地质公园,在不同年代火山中均具代表性与典型性,为中国火山/火山岩研究提供了真实的材料。作者还针对火山地质公园建设现状提出加强科学研究与实施解说系统工程两条建议。     

Anomalous Ba/Ca signals associated with low temperature stresses in Porites corals from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea

Barium to calcium (Ba/Ca) ratio in corals has been considered as a useful geochemical proxy for upwelling, river flood and other oceanic processes. However, recent studies indicated that additional environmental or biological factors can influence the incorporation of Ba into coral skeletons. In this study, Ba/Ca ratios of two Porites corals collected from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea were analyzed. Ba/Ca signals in the two corals were ‘anomalous’ in comparison with Ba behaviors seen in other near-shore corals influenced by upwelling or riverine runoff. Our Ba/Ca profiles displayed similar and remarkable patterns characterized by low and randomly fluctuating background signals periodically interrupted by sharp and large synchronous peaks, clearly indicating an environmental forcing. Further analysis indicated that the Ba/Ca profiles were not correlated with previously claimed environmental factors such as precipitation, coastal upwelling, anthropogenic activities or phytoplankton blooms in other areas. The maxima of Ba/Ca appeared to occur in the period of Sr/Ca maxima, coinciding with the winter minimum temperatures, which suggests that the anomalous high Ba/Ca signals were related to winter-time low sea surface temperature. We speculated that the Ba/Ca peaks in corals of the Daya Bay were most likely the results of enrichment of Ba-rich particles in their skeletons when coral polyps retracted under the stresses of anomalous winter low temperatures. In this case, Ba/Ca ratio in relatively high-latitude corals can be a potential proxy for tracing the low temperature stress.     

低C/N条件下MUCT工艺数学模型的参数校正与验证

基于ASM2d模型建立了稳定运行的MUCT工艺营养物质去除过程的动力学反应模型,比较各种COD、TN、NH 4＋-N、TP的实测值和模拟值,以确定系统在低C/N条件下运行时的动力学和化学计量学参数.模拟结果表明,稳态模型中的动力学参数qPHA、KA、KPP、YPO3-4、μAUT和ηNO-3分别取值2.90 g.（g.d）-1、3.85 g.m-3、1.35 g.（g.d）-1、0.35、1.6和0.8.其他的动力学和化学计量学参数可采用IWA给出的默认值.     

黄土高原的景观格局变化与水土流失研究——以黄土高原马莲河流域为例

应用RS/GIS技术和景观生态学研究方法,利用通用土壤流失方程(USLE)分析了黄土高原马莲河流域2000年和2007年的景观格局变化与水土流失。结果表明:马莲河流域的景观格局和水土流失方面近8 a发生了重要变化:①建设用地、水域、中高盖度草地以及林地面积增加,低盖度草地、耕地等面积减少,其中超过50%的低盖度草地补充为中高盖度草地;②斑块数量、斑块密度以及多样性指数在减小,说明斑块破碎化程度减小,生态系统趋于稳定化,生态功能逐渐增强;③土壤侵蚀总量减小12 506.76 t,水土流失明显减弱,其变化原因与当地植被恢复、人类活动、人口城镇化、建设用地增加等因素密切相关,尤其是世行项目和国家退耕还林还草政策的有效实施。