Applying metabolic fingerprinting to ecology: The use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for the rapid screening of plant responses to N deposition

The potential for metabolic fingerprinting via Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to provide a novel approach for the detection of plant biochemical responses to N deposition is examined. An example of spectral analysis using shoot samples taken from an open top chamber (OTC) experiment simulating wet ammonium deposition is given. Sample preparation involved oven drying and homogenisation via mill grinding. Slurries of a consistent dilution were then prepared prior to FT-IR analysis. Spectra from control, 8 and 16 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1 treatments were then subjected to cross-validated discriminant function analysis. Ordination diagrams showed clear separation between the three N treatments examined. The potential for using Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull as a bioindicator of N deposition is further evident from these results. The results also clearly demonstrate the power of FT-IR in discriminating between subtle phenotypic alterations in overall plant biochemistry as affected by ammonium pollution.     

基于C/S与B/S混合模式的大气污染监测系统设计

以C／S与B／S混合模式为基础的大气监测系统、既能充分发挥网络资源的便捷化，实现企业监测数据与管理系统的快速链接，又充分利用C／S模式的安全性能，以保证系统的安全性。因而此系统是当前的一种较新型的，功能较为强大的网络监测系统。     

TRANSIENT RESPONSE FUNCTIONS FOR CONJUNCTIVE WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE SNAKE RIVER PLAIN,IDAHO1

ABSTRACT: Increasing demands on western water are causing a mounting need for the conjunctive management of surface water and ground water resources. Under western water law, the senior water rights holder has priority over the junior water rights holder in times of water shortage. Water managers have been reluctant to conjunctively manage surface water and ground water resources because of the difficulty of quantification of the impacts to surface water resources from ground water stresses. Impacts from ground water use can take years to propagate through an aquifer system. Prediction of the degree of impact to surface water resources over time and the spatial distribution of impacts is very difficult. Response functions mathematically describe the relationship between a unit ground water stress applied at a specific location and stream depletion or aquifer water level change elsewhere in the system. Response functions can be used to help quantify the spatial and temporal impacts to surface water resources caused by ground water pumping. This paper describes the theory of response functions and presents an application of transient response functions in the Snake River Plain, Idaho. Transient response functions can be used to facilitate the conjunctive management of surface and ground water not only in the eastern Snake River Plain basin, but also in similar basins throughout the western United States.     

基于O/E模型的浅水湖泊生态系统健康评价

以长江中下游阻隔型浅水湖泊为研究对象,分析了1998—2018年116湖次底栖动物野外调查数据,构建了基于预测模型的观测物种组成/期望物种组成(O/E)指数健康评价指标体系,评价了长江中下游浅水湖泊的底栖动物物种组成完整性.O/E指数模型评价结果显示,在物种采集概率(Pc)>0阈值条件下的O/E0模型预测得到的监测湖泊...     

基于哨兵-3A卫星OLCI数据的最大叶绿素指数在太湖蓝藻水华监测中的应用

欧洲航天局于2016年2月16日成功发射哨兵-3A卫星,搭载的水色遥感仪器(OLCI)提供了很好的海洋和内陆水体生态指标观测反演能力。基于OLCI获取的太湖L1b级遥感数据产品,利用OLCI Oa10、Oa11、Oa12波段计算了重要的水色/水生态遥感指标,即最大叶绿素指数(MCI),在此基础上初步分析了MCI在太湖蓝藻水华监测预警中应用效果。研究表明:(1)哨兵-3A卫星OLCI影像质量清晰,构建的MCI能够反映太湖水体叶绿素信号强度;(2)与常用的归一化植被指数相比,在蓝藻没有明显积聚的藻-水混悬水域,MCI与叶绿素浓度有很好的关联,可更灵敏地反映叶绿素浓度的空间分布特征。MCI将在蓝藻监测上具有更好的适用性,可有效提高富营养湖泊蓝藻水华的预警预报精度。     

碳市场发电行业配额分配方法分析及优化建议

碳排放配额的初始分配是碳市场制度体系中的重要组成部分,公平、科学、可操作的配额分配方法与配额管理体系是保证碳市场健康运行的基石.由于排放量高、工艺流程简单且数据基础较好,中国试点碳市场与全国碳市场均优先将发电行业纳入配额管理,出台既有共性又兼具差异的配额分配方法.通过对比发电行业配额分配方法,总结对于机组分类、修正系数、产品计量和配额结转等关键问题的处理方式,发现全国碳市场第一个履约周期配额分配存在发放时间滞后、缺少结转规定、缺乏调控机制和方法尚不完善等问题.建议从方法和管理两方面完善发电行业配额分配制度,包括建立配额总量约束、明确配额结转规定、完善掺烧机组配额核定方法和优化修正系数的选取并适时引入有偿分配制度.     

GIS支持下的秦岭植被景观梯度分析

秦岭植被景观类型丰富,具有过渡性和复杂性特点,植被垂直分带明显. 在分析了大尺度秦岭植被景观空间水平分布格局的基础上,利用基于GIS梯度分析方法,分析秦岭的植被与海拔梯度的关系,得到秦岭不同植被景观类型的斑块数、分布范围、植被分布的海拨高度平均值和标准差,并以太白山为例,对太白山植物种进行了梯度分析. 结果表明,随着海拔高度的增加,太白山依次出现7种植被景观类型:温带草丛→温带落叶灌丛→温带落叶阔叶林→亚热带针叶林→亚热带和热带山地针叶林→草甸→高寒草甸等植被类型,植物种亦发生相应的变化.      

Improved speciation of dissolved organic nitrogen in natural waters: amide hydrolysis with fluorescence derivatization

The objective of this study was to improve primary-amine nitrogen (1°-N) quantification in dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from natural waters where inorganic forms of N, which may cause analytical interference, are commonly encountered. Efforts were targeted at elucidating organic-N structural criteria influencing the response of organic amines to known colorimetric and fluorescent reagents and exploring the use of divalent metal-assisted amide hydrolysis in combination with fluorescence analyse...     

武器装备电磁兼容性预测试技术初探

阐述了电磁兼容性(EMC)和电磁兼容测量的基本概念,通过分析EMC认证测试与EMC预测试的特点,总结了EMC预测试的优点.EMC预测试分为指标性预测试和故障诊断预测试.以一些EMC测试项为例,详细描述了这两种预测试的测试方法,最后简述了对电磁兼容性设计的整改措施.