关于Marpol 73／78附则VI的出台经过及对策

介绍国际海事组织海上环境保护委员会关于Ｍａｒｐｏｌ ７３／７８公约附则ＶＩ的有关焦点问题的讨论情况，该附则Ⅵ业已以议定书形式被外交大会通过。它所涉及的范围较广，技术设备难度大，为贯彻落实该规则尚须在管理上，船舶设备条件等方面下功夫，以满足公约防止船舶对大气污染的要求。     

A／O工艺处理石油化工废水试验研究

本文介绍了采用Ａ／Ｏ新工艺组合处理高浓度的炼油、化工混合废水中试情况，试验结果表明；Ａ／Ｏ新工艺组合具有抗冲击性能好，产泥量少，在一定条件下，出水各项指标达标排放，还就填料选择、含氮化合物的消化反应、污泥生物相和各池工艺参数相互关系进行了讨论。     

某糠醛厂排放废水及周围地下水的GC/MS测定

某地地下水显淡黄色有异味，为查明被污染原因，我们利用ＧＤＸ－１０２树脂富集，对该处唯一的一家工厂——某糠醛厂排放的废水及其周围地下水同时进行了ＧＣ／ＭＳ测定．以上两种水体中均有呋喃类化合物（包括糠醛）及酚类化合物检出，而远离工厂的上游地下水未发现以上两类化合物，这一结果表明，该地下水区被工厂排放的废水所污染     

活性污泥外循环SBR系统循环污泥释磷能力研究

本试验以HAc作为厌氧释磷的碳源有机物，以SBR系统外循环污泥作为研究对象，探索外循环活性污泥的厌氧释磷能力和获取高浓度富磷污水的途径，试验表明：厌氧过程中聚磷菌吸收HAc和释放PO4^3 的分子比为1：1。即吸收2．06mgHAc-COD将诱导1mgP释放，单位时段比污泥的平均释磷速率Vp=6.54.t^0.76，理想的厌氧时间为60－180min，减少循环污泥释磷系统的反应容积可以提高富磷污水磷酸盐的浓度。     

HA-SBR法在制药废水中的应用

介绍SBR法在制药废水中的应用及工艺流程.通过处理COD从3600mg/l降到130mg/l.COD总去除率达到96%,出水可以达标排放.     

超声波/Fenton联用对对硝基苯酚的处理

采用超声/Fenton联用技术对水中对硝基苯酚(P-NP)进行处理,探讨了单纯超声(US)、Fenton试剂法、US/Fenton试剂法联用对P-NP的处理效果和影响因素,结果表明,对于浓度为10mg/L的P-NP, 当pH=3、H2O2与Fe2 投加量之比为10:1、H2O2投加量为40mg/L时降解效果最好,通过动力学分析发现US/Fenton试剂法对P-NP的降解具有明显的协同效应.     

Erythroid-specific antibodies enhance detection of fetal nucleated erythrocytes in maternal blood

Fetal nucleated erythrocytes (NRBC) in maternal blood are a non-invasive source of fetal DNA for prenatal genetic screening. We compared the effectiveness of three monoclonal antibodies for the separation of fetal cells from maternal blood by flow sorting. Mononuclear blood cells from 49 healthy pregnant women were incubated with antibody to CD 71, CD 36, and/or glycophorin A (GPA), employed singly or in combination with each other. These monoclonal antibodies recognize surface antigens on haematopoietic precursor cells. Successful isolation of fetal cells was defined as detection of Y chromosomal sequences in maternal blood from women carrying male fetuses, with absence of Y sequences when female fetuses were carried. Thus, gender prediction accuracy was used as a measure of fetal cell separation. Using anti-CD 71 to isolate fetal cells, gender prediction was 57 per cent correct; with anti-CD 36, it was 88 per cent correct. Anti-GPA, an erythrocyte-specific antigen, used alone or in combination with anti-CD 71 or 36, improved gender prediction to 100 per cent. We conclude that antibody to GPA improves the retrieval of fetal NRBC from maternal blood, permitting genetic analysis by the polymerase chain reaction.     

Insights into the mechanism of the deterioration of mainstream partial nitritation/anammox under low residual ammonium

Residual ammonium is a critical parameter affecting the stability of mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, mainstream PN/A was established and operated with progressively decreasing residual ammonium. PN/A deteriorated as the residual ammonium decreased to below 5 mg/L, and this was paralleled by a significant loss in anammox activity in situ and an increasing nitrite oxidation rate. Further analysis revealed that the low-ammonium condition directly decreased anammox activity in situ via two distinct mechanisms. First, anammox bacteria were located in the inner layer of the granular sludge, and thus were disadvantageous when competing for ammonium with ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the outer layer. Second, the complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) was enriched at low residual ammonium concentrations because of its high ammonium affinity. Both AOB and comammox presented kinetic advantages over anammox bacteria. At high residual ammonium concentrations, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were effectively suppressed, even when their maximum activity was high due to competition for nitrite with anammox bacteria. At low residual ammonium concentrations, the decrease in anammox activity in situ led to an increase in nitrite availability for nitrite oxidation, facilitating the activation of NOB despite the dissolved oxygen limitation (0.15–0.35 mg/L) for NOB persisting throughout the operation. Therefore, the deterioration of mainstream PN/A at low residual ammonium was primarily triggered by a decline in anammox activity in situ. This study provides novel insights into the optimized design of mainstream PN/As in engineering applications.     

水解酸化—SBR法处理乳品废水的工程应用

介绍了应用SBR法处理乳品废水的工程实例。利用SBR工艺处理乳品废水的特点是工艺简单、占地面积小、运转费用低、管理方便、出水稳定。当进水CODCr2 0 0 0～ 2 5 0 0mg/L之间 ,出水可以达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978- 1996 )中的一级标准 ,CODCr≤ 10 0mg/L。     

颗粒污泥技术在污水处理中的应用研究进展

颗粒污泥是微生物自凝聚形成的小球。一般将其分为厌氧颗粒污泥和好氧颗粒污泥分别进行研究。文章将颗粒污泥作为一种特殊的处理工艺,对其在好氧和厌氧条件下在污水处理中的应用研究进展加以综述。并详细介绍了颗粒污泥的特点,特种颗粒污泥的培养及其在COD去除、脱氮、降解毒性物质和重金属吸附等方面的应用,并对其应用前景进行了展望。