Evaluation of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Satellite Rainfall Products over the Lower Colorado River Basin,Texas

Quality of precipitation products from the Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement mission (IMERG) was evaluated over the Lower Colorado River Basin of Texas. Observations of several rainfall events of a wide range of magnitudes during May 2015 by a very dense network of 241 rain gauges over the basin were used as a reference. The impact of temporal and spatial downscaling of different satellite products (near/post‐real‐time) on their accuracy was studied. Generally, all IMERG products perform better when the temporal and spatial resolutions are downscaled. The Final product shows relatively better performance compared to the near‐real‐time products in terms of basic performance measures; however, regarding rainfall detection, all products show nearly similar performance. When considering rainfall detection, IMERG adequately captures the precipitation events; however, in terms of spatial patterns and accuracy, more improvements are needed. IMERG products analysis results may help developers gain insight into the regional performance of the product, improve the product algorithms, and provide information to end users on the products’ suitability for potential hydrometeorological applications. Overall, the IMERG products, even the uncalibrated product at its finest resolution, showed reasonable performance indicating their great potential for applications such as water resources management, prevention of natural disasters, and flood forecasting.     

基于气象卫星分形纹理的云雾分离研究

在研究了卫星图像上雾的光谱和纹理结构特征的基础上,采用差分盒维数计算模型对气象卫星遥感图像中的云雾进行了纹理分析和分离。采用划分、计算卫星图像各连通域,分别求取各连通域加权分形维数,进而设定维数阈值的方法进行了雾信息提取。利用GMS—5卫星红外通道资料,进行了云雾分离试验,取得了较好的雾信息提取效果。     

2003—2010年中国对流层CO2时空分布研究

利用2003年到2010年的美国宇航局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration,NASA)的AIRS(Atmosphere InfraRed Sounder)官方反演的对流层中层(500 hPa)左右一段气柱内的CO2体积混合比产品分析中国地区对流层的CO2体积分数分布时空变化特征。所用数据是对AIRS L3产品2°×2.5°网格数据进行处理分析得到。经过对这8年的观测数据(2003年1月—2010年12月)的数据分析研究发现:中国地区平均CO2的体积分数在空间分布上极不平衡,总体高值集中于北部。CO2对流层中层的高值区集中在35°—45°N,形成东北平原、内蒙古中西部地区、塔克拉玛干沙漠和塔里木盆地4个高值中心,而云南地区和西藏南部上空的CO2值偏低。与中国地区8年平均CO2体积分数变化特征大体一致,每月(8年平均值)分布趋势也呈北部地区和东部地区高而南方体积分数值相对低的特征。CO2月平均体积分数的最高值一般出现在每年的4月或者5月,而每年的最低值则出现在每年的1月。对流层中层CO2体积分数呈现明显季节变化,总体上来说,从2003年到2010年这8年中,平均春、夏两季对流层中CO2含量较高,而秋、冬季CO2低于春夏两季。     

北京市卫星城生活垃圾产生量的灰色预测

运用灰色理论,建立GM(1,1)模型来预测北京卫星城生活垃圾产生量。经过模型精度检验,结果表明:预测精度等级为1级,表明该方法对预测北京卫星城城市生活垃圾产生量是可行的,并运用此模型预测了2009—2020年北京卫星城生活垃圾的产生量。     

双光谱卫星云图的模糊推理云分类

基于观测事实和分类经验,在对卫星云图上云系形态特征定性分析的基础上,采用模糊推理方法,提取出云类识别的诊断判别因子和模糊推理规则。通过对判别因子的模糊化处理和隶属度函数的调制优化,建立了卫星云图定量化的模糊推理云分类模型。4种常见云系的模糊推理分类试验结果表明,模糊推理方法在定量性、客观性和自动化等方面优于传统卫星云图目视判读方法,在卫星遥感资料的分析处理和天气预报等领域有较好的实用意义。     

嵊州、新昌地震与低空大气增温异常

从嵊州、新昌地震 (1998 0 8 17T 1∶4 6ML4 5)的地震地质构造环境、卫星热红外异常与近地表大气增温异常等三个方面 ,进行了研究。认为地震前几日 ,震区及周围大面积的突发性低空大气增温异常与卫星红外异常是一种临震前兆 ,并总结了增温异常的时空演变规律与地震活动的关系。     

上海不同强度干霾期间气溶胶垂直分布特征

利用美国宇航局(NASA)的CALIPSO星载激光雷达资料,通过分析后向散射系数、体积退偏比和色比等参量揭示了上海地区发生不同强度干霾时气溶胶的垂直分布特征,并结合地面气溶胶观测进行了分析.结果表明,发生干霾时,低层大气(2km以下)污染最严重,气溶胶的后向散射系数主要集中在0.0015~0.0035km-1×sr-1,体积退偏比集中在0~15%,色比集中在0.2~0.8;2~10km高度内,散射系数相对较小,其中2~8km的值主要集中在0.0008~0.0025 km-1×sr-1,8~10km的值则主要集中0.0008~0.0015 km-1×sr-1,气溶胶体积退偏比和色比在2~4km、4~6km、6~8km和8~10km各高度内分别集中在0~20%和0~0.6.在0~10km高度内,相对于轻微干霾和轻度干霾,中度干霾时气溶胶的散射能力和不规则性最强,粒径也最大.     

基于环境一号卫星CCD数据的巢湖叶绿素a的动态监测

环境一号卫星CCD数据具有获取周期短、空间分辨率高等特点,能够及时准确地监测叶绿素a的浓度变化和分布,其在内陆湖泊水质遥感监测方面具有良好的应用前景。文章通过星地同步地面实验,建立起巢湖水体的叶绿素a浓度遥感反演模型,利用2009年4月至2010年3月的环境一号卫星CCD数据,分季节对巢湖叶绿素a行动态监测和分析。结果表明,巢湖叶绿素a具有明显的时空分布特征,夏季叶绿素a浓度最高,冬季最低,秋季高于春季;西半湖湖区叶绿素a浓度一般高于东半湖湖区,西北部和中部湖区空间变化比较大,东部湖区变化较小。     

Satellite-Derived Mean Fire Return Intervals As Indicators Of Change In Siberia (1995–2002)

Under current climate change scenarios, temperatures in Siberia are expected to increase, and consequently, fire is also expected to increase. Potential climate-induced change is difficult to assess in Siberia because ground-based fire data are not complete. This investigation introduces a method by which potential climate-induced change can be remotely evaluated. Mean fire return intervals are established for 58 ecosystems across Siberia using eight years of satellite-based area burned data (1995 to 2002). Mean fire return intervals should decrease under current climate change scenarios, however the results do not currently demonstrate consistent evidence of fire-induced change. The overall boreal forest mean fire return interval is lower than the published mean, inferring increased fire. Most notably, using satellite data to calculate mean fire return intervals in individual ecosystems for the entire population of fire is shown to be a viable method by which potential climate-induced land cover change can be evaluated.     

中巴地球资源卫星及其在内蒙古的应用前景

本文介绍了我国地球资源卫星发展状况以及中巴地球资源卫星的技术特性和同类卫星比较的优缺点，阐述了内蒙古应用中巴地球资源卫星数据的潜在领域和应用前景。