MnO_2对海底沉积物ANAMMOX菌的富集培养影响

采用上流式固定床反应器,在常温下连续运行,考察MnO2对海洋性ANAMMOX菌富集培养的影响,其中接种的海洋海底沉积物采自大连市附近海域。结果表明,在反应器运行近150 d中,加入MnO2的R1反应器的最大总氮去除速率为137.82 g N/(m3·d),比没有加入MnO2的R2反应器高出近20 g N/(m3·d)。在低温环境(10~15℃)运行时,R1反应器的氨氮和亚硝氮去除率比R2反应器均高出10%,且R1反应器对温度变化的适应性和运行稳定性都好于R2反应器。这表明MnO2的加入确实在一定程度上促进了海洋性ANAMMOX细菌的富集,并增强了ANAMMOX反应器对温度变化的适应性,使其能够在较宽的温度范围下运行。     

Roles of ATP-dependent N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) in aerobic granulation

Aerobic granules which form through a cell-to-cell self-immobilization process have been intensively studied and developed for wastewater biotreatment. However, the microbiological origin of this phenomenon is still largely unknown. This study investigated the possible role of metabolic energy in the development of aerobic granules. Results showed that aerobic granulation was positively related to ATP-dependent N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) production. Inhibited ATP synthesis by a chemical uncoupler, 3,3′,4′,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide, led to significant reduction of AHLs and EPSs production, which in turn prevented aerobic granulation. This study for the first time demonstrated the involvement of ATP-dependent AHLs in aerobic granulation.     

ABR-好氧颗粒污泥处理黄连素废水的启动研究

实验研究了ABR-好氧颗粒污泥组合工艺处理黄连素制药废水的启动运行,通过分析发现,ABR装置在HRT为4 d,黄连素浓度为50 mg/L的运行方式下成功启动,反应器运行稳定后每个格室MLSS平均值分别为25 840、21 560、27 500和11 200 mg/L。以ABR出水为营养物,成功培养出粒径在2～10 mm,沉降速率为104～137 m/h,沉降性能优良的好氧颗粒污泥。该组合工艺在启动实验的末期,进水COD浓度为3 000～4 000 mg/L左右,出水COD浓度到达168.4～271mg/L,系统总的去除率保持在90%～95%之间,表明ABR-好氧颗粒污泥组合工艺能够有效地处理黄连素制药废水。     

ANAMMOX与反硝化协同作用及氮素负荷研究

向成功启动并稳定运行630 d后的UASB生物膜反应器系统连续添加有机物,分析其对厌氧氨氧化反应脱氮效果的影响,并进行氮素浓度负荷试验.在厌氧氨氧化反应器系统中连续投加有机COD(葡萄糖),系统运行稳定,有机COD(葡萄糖)存在对系统去除氮素能力影响不大,有机COD去除率达到92.0%,仅用23 d,在同一反应器系统中成功实现了厌氧氨氧化与反硝化协同作用脱氮.氮素浓度负荷试验阶段,进水氨氮(NH 4-N)、亚硝氮(NO-2-N)以及总氮(TN)浓度负荷分别从0.063 kg/(m3·d)和0.063 kg/(m3·d)和0.126 kg/(m3·d)提升到了0.239 kg/(m3·d)、0.315 kg/(m3·d)和0.554 kg/(m3·d),相应去除率分别为84.0%、93.0%和85.0%,厌氧氨氧化工艺的UASB生物膜反应器对氮素浓度负荷仍有很大提升空间.     

The influence of storage on the morphology and physiology of phthalic acid-degrading aerobic granules

The precultured aerobic granules with special degradabilities could be used as a feasible bioseed for enhancement of aerobic granulation systems. In practice, the storage stability, physicochemical characteristics, and recovering efficiency of granules are crucial for a long-distance transportation and successful application. In this study, phthalic acid (PA)-degrading aerobic granules were cultivated and stored for 8 wk at 4 °C. The granular size, settling ability as well as structure integrity was found stable during the storage period. It was observed that the upper 1/3 part of granules stored in the reagent bottle turned to black color, while the lower 2/3 part granules did not significantly change color (brown–yellow) after the 8-wk storage. The black and brown–yellow color PA-degrading granules were manually separated and re-inoculated into two identical sequencing batch reactors for reviving the PA degradation capability. After a 7 d operation, both black and yellow granules restored their activities to the levels before storage, in terms of total organic carbon removal efficiency (100%), specific oxygen uptake rate (59 mg g VSS⁻¹ h⁻¹), and adenosine triphosphate content (0.016 mg g VSS⁻¹). This study demonstrated that aerobic granules grown on a complex substrate could tolerate storage conditions and rapidly restored their bioactivities toward the target pollutant. The results also shed the light on the future application of precultured aerobic granules with unique functions for biodegradation and bioremediation purpose.     

纳米单质铁对厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能的影响

通过向厌氧氨氧化反应器(ASBR)中投加纳米单质铁(nZVI),考察了其对厌氧氨氧化反应(ANAMMOX)脱氮性能的影响.结果表明,在温度为(25±0.5)℃,pH值为7.5±0.5,进水NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N浓度分别为30.35mg/L和37.89mg/L条件下,分别投加0,10,50,100.200,500,1000mg/L nZVI时,总氮去除率(NRE)分别达到70.27%、74.25%、83.45%、90.16%、68.59%、57.18%、50.93%.用修正的Boltzmann、Gompertz、Logistic模型对其进行动力学分析,R²值分别为0.9963、0.9944、0.9851,总氮(TN)出水浓度和NRE的预测值与实际值比较,其均方误差值分别为2.13、6.31、8.48和6.93、7.47、10.95.     

低温SNAD颗粒污泥工艺启动方式

为研究启动方式对同步短程硝化、厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化(SNAD)颗粒污泥工艺的影响,低温(12.7~18.3℃)条件下,R1和R2反应器分别通过先启动全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺和先启动厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化(SAD)工艺的方式逐步启动SNAD颗粒污泥工艺.结果表明,R1反应器启动成功后,氨氮几乎完全去除,总氮去除率达到86.7%.低氨氮浓度运行时,出水总氮去除率下降至75.3%,出水总氮浓度在10 mg·L~(-1)左右,NOB存在过量增殖现象,出水总氮浓度超过北京市水污染物排放标准一级A规定.R2反应器启动成功后,出水几乎不含氨氮,总氮去除率在89.1%左右,略高于R1反应器.低氨氮浓度运行时,出水氨氮浓度小于1.0 mg·L~(-1),出水总氮浓度小于6 mg·L~(-1),出水氨氮和总氮浓度满足地标一级A标准.先启动SAD工艺可以在启动初期通过厌氧运行将NOB逐渐淘汰出系统内,维持了系统的稳定性,为后续曝气启动SNAD工艺提供了良好的基础,维持了反应器的稳定运行,实现出水总氮长期排放达标.     

厌氧氨氧化污泥群体感应信号分子检测及影响研究

厌氧氨氧化作为一种新型的脱氮工艺具有很好的应用前景,但厌氧氨氧化污泥富集培养困难.本研究以处理垃圾渗滤液的污泥作为接种污泥,在升流式厌氧污泥反应器(UASB)中启动厌氧氨氧化过程;检测驯化成功的厌氧氨氧化污泥中是否存在群体感应信号分子;并通过添加外源信号分子(cis-11-Methyl-2-dodecenoic acid,DSF和N-acyl-homoserine lactone,AHL),探究信号分子对厌氧氨氧化污泥附着生长能力的影响.结果表明,UASB反应器在运行150 d后,总氮去除率达到80%,菌群结构中厌氧氨氧化菌所占比例超过了20%,成功启动厌氧氨氧化工艺,且厌氧氨氧化污泥中存在低浓度的AHLs信号分子;人为添加3-碳位置取代基为羰基的AHLs(3-oxo-C6-HSL、3-oxo-C8-HSL、3-oxo-C10-HSL和3-oxo-C12-HSL)信号分子均能促进厌氧氨氧化污泥附着生长,而3-碳位置无取代基的AHLs中只有C12-HSL和C6-HSL存在积极影响,C8-HSL、C10-HSL和DSF信号分子对厌氧氨氧化污泥的附着生长能力并没有促进作用.     

基质比对ABR厌氧氨氧化工艺脱氮性能的影响

为解决厌氧氨氧化底物去除不彻底导致总氮去除偏低的问题,通过控制不同的进水基质比,对厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)的厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能进行了研究.结果表明,ABR厌氧氨氧化系统最佳进水N_2~O--N/NH+4-N为1.34,此时NH+4-N和N_2~O--N的去除率同时达到99.99%左右,总氮去除率达到峰值为87%,当进水N_2~O--N/NH+4-N从1逐渐降低至0.49和从1.34逐渐提高至1.62时,反应器对NH+4-N和N_2~O--N的绝对去除量较为稳定,NH+4-N或N_2~O--N过量对ABR厌氧氨氧化系统没有产生明显抑制;此外,不同基质比条件下,NH+4-N和N_2~O--N的去除基本在第1隔室完成,基质比变化对ABR各隔室的脱氮效果没有产生显著影响,ABR厌氧氨氧化系统对基质浓度的变化具有较好的稳定性.     

太湖西部湖区沉积物厌氧氨氧化潜在速率及其脱氮贡献研究

厌氧氨氧化作为一种异于反硝化的氮转化途径,可同时将氨氮与亚硝氮转化为氮气,是沉积环境中重要的脱氮过程.本文基于15N同位素配对技术,利用15NH+4、15NH+4+14NO-3和15NO-3三组同位素开展泥浆培养试验,研究了四季太湖西部湖区沉积物厌氧氨氧化潜在速率及其脱氮贡献率;结合厌氧氨氧化功能基因丰度及沉积物理化特征,探讨了沉积物厌氧氨氧化潜在速率季节性差异的成因.研究结果表明:沉积物厌氧氨氧化潜在速率存在显著的季节差异性,夏、秋季显著高于春、冬季,秋季最高,为10.11μmol·kg-1·h-1(以N2计,下同),冬季最低,为3.24μmol·kg-1·h-1;沉积物总脱氮速率为10.67~31.02μmol·kg-1·h-1,其中厌氧氨氧化脱氮效应显著,四季脱氮贡献率高达30%~40%.有机质、氨氮及其功能基因丰度是影响厌氧氨氧化潜在速率的重要因子,研究区域沉积物孔隙水夏、秋季氨氮浓度和厌氧氨氧化功能基因丰度均高于春、冬季,沉积物有机质含量低于春、冬季,厌氧氨氧化潜在速率随沉积物孔隙水氨氮及其功能基因丰度升高而升高,随沉积物有机质升高而降低.