COMPUTER ASSISTED NEGOTIATION OF MULTIOBJECTIVE WATER RESOURCES CONFLICTS1

ABSTRACT: Since the early 1970s, a large volume of literature has accumulated related to multiobjective water resources management problems. A relatively small portion of this specifically addresses the negotiation process required when there are multiple decision makers with conflicting objectives. This paper focuses on that process and describes a computer program designed to assist such negotiation processes. This interactive computer assisted negotiation support system is called ICANS. ICANS is designed for dynamic, multi-issue, multi-party negotiation problems. Based on information provided in confidence by each party via an interactive graphical interface, the program can help determine if there exist any possible alternatives that are equivalent or even preferred to each party's decision in the absence of a negotiated agreement. If such alternatives exist, through a series of iterations in which each party's input data, assumptions, and preferences may change, ICANS can assist the parties in their search for a mutually acceptable and preferred agreement. A simple example illustrates the data requirements and the use of ICANS in negotiation experiments.     

Analysis of potential impacts to resident fish from Columbia River System Operation alternatives

The US Army Corps of Engineers, the US Bureau of Reclamation, and the Bonneville Power Administration initiated the Columbia River System Operation Review (SOR) in 1990. The SOR will assist agencies in comparing the benefits and risks to Columbia River uses and natural resources from alternative strategies for using Columbia River water. Focusing on 14 federal dams within the basin, the agencies are attempting to improve on the efficient and coordinated use of the Columbia River system. An initial screening of all potential strategies of reservoir operation was necessary to reduce the number of possibilities to a limited set for detailed analysis. To that end, the Resident Fish Work Group of the SOR developed spreadsheet models capable of assessing the impacts of different management strategies on resident fish at six storage reservoirs. The models include biological, physical, and hydrological relationships important to resident fish specific to each reservoir. Alternatives that kept the reservoirs near full pool and held stable during the growing season resulted in positive benefits to resident fish at all locations modeled. Conversely, alternatives designed to improve anadromous fish survival with increased instream flow generally had a negative impact on the resident fish in the reservoirs modeled. The models developed for resident fish in the screening analysis phase of the SOR were useful in assessing the relative impact to resident fish from a large number of alternatives. The screening analysis demonstrated that future analytical efforts must consider trade-offs among river uses/resource groups, among reservoirs throughout the basin, and among resident fish species within a reservoir.Pacific Northwest Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830.     

工业企业电气安全评价方法研究

针对现行电气安全评价方法存在的不足,提出了工业企业电气安全模糊综合评价方法.依据事故理论的综合论观点,建立了多层次电气安全评价因素体系;采用定性与定量相结合的层次分析法(AHP)确定评价因素的权重;采用隶属频率统计法确定单因素隶属度;最后应用多层次模糊综合评判模型合成评价结果,并使用安全等级特征量对模糊综合评价结果进行处理,得出工业企业电气系统的安全等级.结果表明,将模糊综合评价方法引入工业企业电气安全现状评价具有一定的现实意义,克服了现行评价方法不够全面或不够定量的缺点;安全等级模糊特征量是处理模糊综合评价结果更优化的方法;该评价方法紧密结合企业现状,可在一般工业企业的电气安全评价中广泛应用,其配套评价软件更为企业安全管理部门和安全评价机构提供了便捷的应用工具.     

煤矿液压提升机的安全功能与安全隐患分析

液压提升机是较为复杂的机电液一体化产品 ,是煤矿井下作业提升物料和运送人员的关键设备 ,素有矿井咽喉之称。液压提升机的防爆、提升过程中的超速、过卷保护、液压系统的高、低压保护及升降与制动工作协同性是其安全性设计的核心与关键。笔者概要介绍了液压提升机的主要安全保护功能 ,分析并探讨了液压提升机存在的安全隐患与对策     

包含外强迫因子的大气气溶胶数浓度的预测

利用慢特征分析(Slow Feature Analysis, SFA)方法提取大气气溶胶时间序列的外强迫因子信息,并将此外强迫因子信息嵌入到预测模式中,建立一个包含提取外强迫因子信息的预测模式.利用该方法对2011年6月1日至2011年9月14日黄山山底的每小时大气气溶胶数浓度时间序列进行预测试验分析.结果表明,当提前预报一步时,平稳性模式的预测结果与实际观测数据的相关系数为0.6982,而单一外强迫模式的相关系数为0.7390,强迫模式的相关系数是0.7475,外强迫的加入可以有效的提高预测技巧.     

吸气式感烟火灾探测系统采样管网模拟仿真

通过对吸气式感烟火灾探测系统采样管网进行流体力学分析,建立了采样管网系统力学数学模型,采用了面向对象的编程技术,编制了工程管网设计模拟仿真软件,实现各采样点的探测灵敏度及探测响应时间的计算和对采样孔径的优化调整,在实际应用中取得良好效果。     

浮桶式乙炔器爆炸原因分析

指出了浮桶式乙炔器发生爆炸的 3种原因 ,提出从事该行业的人员应了解这些知识 ,以防止类似事故发生。     

基于 Fl ue nt 的压气水自吸风喷雾与常规喷雾比较分析

利用Fluent软件分别对压气水自吸风喷雾与常规喷雾进行了数值模拟,并对二者的内部流场进行了比较分析,另外,还比较了相同截面距离下二者的雾滴粒径大小,实验结果表明,相对于常规喷雾降尘,采用压气水自吸风喷雾降尘的效果要更好。     

Multielement techniques for determination of Inorganics in Watert†

Several analytical techniques offer the capability of simultaneously determining 5–40 elements. Of those techniques available, two are receiving extensive attention for analysis of water samples. Optical emission spectrometry utilizing plasma excitation has now evolved to a status in which 20–40 elements can be simultaneously determined on a routine basis. Instrumentation which relies on ion exchange chromatography separations is available which allows the routine determination of several cationic and/or anionic species.

The present discussion will briefly describe each of the above multielement analysis systems, summarize their respective capabilities and limitations with respect to water analysis, and project areas of future development.     

Problems associated with ecological assessment of packaging

Current trends in the development of the world packaging market and the place of ecological tendencies in them suggest the need to analyse the present status of studies on the ecological assessment of packaging materials and packaging. The aim of this study is to present some aspects of ecological assessment of packaging. The methods and criteria of ecological assessment of packaging, including Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and ecological classification of packaging proposed by COBRO (Polish Packaging Research and Development Centre) in Warsaw were used. The considerations presented in the paper related to the general assumptions of ecological assessment of packaging materials and packaging point to the complexity of the problem and, at the same time, to the immediate interest and importance of studies in this field, particularly in terms of implementing a specific environmental protection policy.