广州市空气可吸入性颗粒物化学元素组成特征

用安德森双道采样器、Ｔｅｆｌｏｎ膜采集细颗粒物(ＰＭ２．５,Φ＜２．５μｍ)和粗颗粒物(ＰＭ２．５～１０,２．５≤Φ≤１０μｍ),按时间分布均匀原则选取２０个样品,用Ｘ－射线荧光光谱法测定其中的元素含量。分析了细、粗颗粒物中与人类活动污染有关的元素和典型的地壳元素的体积分数、与人类活动污染有关的元素的质量分数和富集系数。结果表明,广州市市区颗粒物元素污染相当严重,并以细颗粒物中更明显;与人类活动污染有关的元素更易在细颗粒物中富集,并在远离市中心区更明显;市中心区和远离市中心区的粗、细颗粒物污染最严重的元素均是Ｓ,Ｃｌ,Ｚｎ和Ｐｂ,显示了广州市的大气污染具有煤烟型硫氧化物污染的特点,同时又具有汽车尾气排放污染的特点      

大跨度悬索管道桥的ANSYS有限元分析综述

综述了管道跨越结构的种类,针对悬索式管道跨越结构,介绍了其受力特点以及其计算分析理论的发展,同时介绍了如何利用大型通用软件ANSYS对大跨度悬索管道桥进行有限元建模,提出了建模的相关步骤以及一些注意事项。最后介绍了利用ANSYS对悬索管道桥进行有限元分析的方法和步骤,指出在进行风荷载作用下的相关计算时如何利用ANSYS的二次开发来完成计算分析。     

Multivariate analysis of trace metal levels in tannery effluents in relation to soil and water: a case study from Peshawar, Pakistan

Tannery effluents and relevant ground water and soil samples collected from various tanning industries of Peshawar were analyzed for Na, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cr, Co, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn by the AAS method. The metal concentration data for the three media are reported in terms of basic statistical parameters, metal-to-metal correlations and linear regression analyses. Metal distributions in the three media were quite divergent and showed non-normal distributions with high standard deviation and skewness parameters. Sodium exhibited the highest mean levels of 1,277mg/L, 881mg/L and 12,912mg/kg in the effluent, ground water and soil samples, respectively. Among other metals, Cr concentrations were 410mg/L, 0.145mg/L, 100mg/kg and Ca, 278mg/L, 64.8mg/L, and 2,285mg/kg in the effluent, ground water and soil samples, respectively. Some significant correlations were observed between effluent and soils in terms of Na, Cr, Ni, Co and Pb. The ground water-soil interrelationship suggested that Na levels in the soil and ground water were significantly correlated with each other (r=0.486, P<0.01). Similarly, Cr in the soil is strongly correlated with Ca in ground water (r=0.486, P<0.01). These results were duly supported by the linear regression analysis of data. The source identification studies conducted using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) evidenced that ground water and soil were being contaminated by the toxic metals emanating from the tannery effluents.     

基于GIS的湖泊区域地表水环境影响评价方法

对地理信息系统（Geographic Information System,GIS）技术在地表水环境影响评价中的应用进行了系统分析,指出了应用GIS的技术优势。通过实例研究,提出了基于GIS的区域地表水环境影响评价的方法步骤。在环境监测数据的基础上,利用计算机软件ArcView对BOD5和COD两个评价参数的监测值在水域中的空间分布进行分析,绘制区域等值线,结合地表水评价标准,进行水质评价,确定不同等级水质的空间分布区域。最后对应用GIS应注意的问题进行了分析。     

松花江水污染同江段水中硝基苯、苯分析

本文通过对双苯污染带流经松花江和黑龙江的同江断面、同江东港（下列）断面及八岔断面监测分析,对同江段水质受硝基苯污染的状况作出了科学的分析评价。     

浮桶式乙炔器爆炸原因分析

指出了浮桶式乙炔器发生爆炸的 3种原因 ,提出从事该行业的人员应了解这些知识 ,以防止类似事故发生。     

煤矿液压提升机的安全功能与安全隐患分析

液压提升机是较为复杂的机电液一体化产品 ,是煤矿井下作业提升物料和运送人员的关键设备 ,素有矿井咽喉之称。液压提升机的防爆、提升过程中的超速、过卷保护、液压系统的高、低压保护及升降与制动工作协同性是其安全性设计的核心与关键。笔者概要介绍了液压提升机的主要安全保护功能 ,分析并探讨了液压提升机存在的安全隐患与对策     

Diurnal variation of number concentration and size distribution of ultrafine particles in the urban atmosphere of Beijing in winter

Number concentration and distribution of airborne particles in the size range 5.6 to 560 um diameter were measured in Beijing for a 15-d period in winter 2005.Daily average number concentrations of nucleation mode(5.6-20 nm),Aitken mode(20-100 nm), and accumulation mode(100-560 nm)particles,and total particles were 17500,32000,4000,and 53500 cm~(-3),respectively.Average particle size distribution was monomodal with a mode diameter of about 40 um at night and bimodal with mode diameters of about 10 and about 40 nm during the daytime.New particle formation events,which were connected to diurnal variation of nucleation mode particles,were observed in more than half of the observation days.The events often started around 10:00-11:00 Chinese Standard Time (CST)and ended up after 3-4 h.Concentrations of Aitken and accumulation mode particles increased from midnight and reached their maxima at about 10:00 CST,and then decreased and became the lowest in the afternoon.Analysis of diurnal cycles in traffic volume and meteorological parameters revealed that the accumulation of the particles in Aitken and accumulation modes in the morning was influenced by formation of an inversion and increase in vehicle emission,and dispersion of such particles in the afternoon was associated with more effective vertical mixing and higher wind speed.     

推行国际标准化环境管理体系持续改进企业的环境行为

洛阳石化总厂通过建立与实施国际标准化环境管理体系 ,特别是通过体系中 5个要素的运行与控制 ,使企业的环境管理更加规范、有效。同时通过不断追求新的环境目标、指标的实现 ,使企业的环境行为得到了改进 ,不仅取得了环境效益 ,而且取得了经济效益。     

吉林省冰雹灾害时空分布规律及特征分析

利用吉林省５３ 个气象站１９６０～１９９６ 年的冰雹资料, 对其冰雹天气发生的气候规律、时空分布特征、地理分布差异以及冰雹直径、路径、强度等方面进行了详尽分析, 旨在为此类天气的分析预报提供背景依据