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251.
活性污泥法数学模型的发展与展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
活性污泥法数学模型在污水处理厂的设计、运行控制和工艺优化等方面发挥着日益重要的作用,目前已成为了污水处理领域的研究热点。本文综述了活性污泥法数学模型的研究和发展过程,重点介绍了IWA模型的特点及其在国内外的研究现状。最后对模型的研究和应用进行了展望,认为今后可以在完善机理,模块化模型,混合模型等方面作进一步的研究。 相似文献
252.
说明了污水处理厂自动控制系统的类型、特点与应用研究现状,介绍了自控系统在国内外污水处理厂的应用研究现状,分析了污水处理厂自控系统广泛应用的限制因素,并指出了今后污水处理厂自控系统的发展趋势。 相似文献
253.
In the light of the historical substantial data (covering a 70-year period) collected in the Lower Jingjiang segment and aided by topological grey method, here we attempt to characterize the occurrence and future trend of flood calamities in the study area. Our findings indicate that overall the high-frequent flood disasters with middle to lower damage prevail at present. A series of dramatic flood waves will appear in the years of 2016, 2022, 2030and 2042, particularly a destructive flood will occur between 2041 and 2045 in the Lower Jingjiang reaches. Typical of sensitive response to flood hazards in close association with its special geographical location, the lower Jingjiang segment hereby can reflect the development trend of floods in the middle Yangtze reaches. According to the results, a good fitness was revealed between the prediction and practical values. This actually hints that the topological grey method is an effective mathematical means of resolving problems containing uncertainty and indetermination, thus providing valuable information for the flood prediction in the middle Yangtze catchment. 相似文献
254.
Zhi-Jun Liu George R. Hallberg Dale L. Zimmerman Robert D. Libra 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1997,33(6):1209-1218
ABSTRACT: Many studies of ground water pollution in general and nitrate contamination in particular have often relied on a one-time investigation, tracking of individual wells, or aggregate summaries. Studies of changes in spatial distribution of contaminants over time are lacking. This paper presents a method to compare spatial distributions for possible changes over time. The large-scale spatial distribution at a given time can be considered as a surface over the area (a trend surface). The changes in spatial distribution from period to period can be revealed by the differences in the shape and/or height of surfaces. If such a surface is described by a polynomial function, changes in surfaces can be detected by testing statistically for differences in their corresponding polynomial functions. This method was applied to nitrate concentration in a population of wells in an agricultural drainage basin in Iowa, sampled in three different years. For the period of 1981–1992, the large-scale spatial distribution of nitrate concentration did not show significant change in the shape of spatial surfaces; while the magnitude of nitrate concentration in the basin, or height of the computed surfaces showed significant fluctuations. The change in magnitude of nitrate concentration is closely related to climatic variations, especially in precipitation. The lack of change in the shape of spatial surfaces means that either the influence of land use/nitrogen management was overshadowed by climatic influence, or the changes in land use/management occurred in a random fashion. 相似文献
255.
Mann-Kendall检验及其在河流悬沙浓度时间序列分析中的运用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探讨了Mann-Kendall非参数秩次相关检验在时间序列分析方面的应用,并以云南省文山州盘龙河为例,把它运用到河流悬沙浓度时间序列的趋势分析和突变分析研究中。结果表明:①M-K检验同样适用于河流悬沙浓度的趋势与突变分析;②盘龙河自20世纪60年代初至90年代末河流悬沙浓度一直表现为波动上升趋势,1999年后有下降的迹象;③盘龙河的河流悬沙浓度自20世纪60年代以来存在着两个明显的突变点,其一在1973年,其二在1999年。 相似文献
256.
Xixi Wang Assefa M. Melesse Michael E. McClain Wanhong Yang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(6):1383-1399
Abstract: Coalbed methane (CBM) development raises serious environmental concerns. In response, concerted efforts have been made to collect chemistry, salinity, and sodicity data on CBM produced water. However, little information on changes of stream water quality resulting from directly and/or indirectly received CBM produced water is available in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine changes instream water quality, particularly sodicity and salinity, due to CBM development in the Powder River watershed, which is located in the Rocky Mountain Region and traverses the states of Wyoming and Montana. To this end, a retrospective analysis of water quality trends and patterns was conducted using data collected from as early as 1946 up to and including 2002 at four U.S. Geological Survey gauging stations along the Powder River. Trend analysis was conducted using linear regression and Seasonal Kendall tests, whereas, Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons was used to detect changes in the spatial pattern. The results indicated that the CBM development adversely affected the water quality in the Powder River. First, the development elevated the stream sodicity, as indicated by a significant increase trend of the sodium adsorption ratio. Second, the development tended to shrink the water quality differences among the three downstream stations but to widen the differences between these stations and the farthest upstream station. In contrast, the development had only a minor influence on stream salinity, as indicated by that the stream electrical conductivity exhibited either no trend or a marginally significant positive trend. Hence, the CBM development is likely an important factor that can be managed to lower the stream sodicity. The management may need to take into account that the effects of the CBM development were different from one location to another along the Powder River. 相似文献
257.
Ren Yong 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(2):121-129
This article makes an attempt to answer the three questions of why China is devoting its full effort to promoting a circular
economy, what a circular economy is, and how to implement a circular economy in China. The evolutionary process of a circular
economy in China, from introduction of the concept and the relevant actions of national decision making to demonstration of
the system nationwide, has taken only around 6 years, with strong encouragement from politicians and the urgent need to cope
with environmental pollution and a severe shortage of natural resources. The circular economy in China is now being actively
implemented at three levels: enterprises, eco-industrial parks, and regions. The consolidated theoretical bases of ecology
and economics have helped the circular economy to define its position as a new economic model to effectively resolve the problems
of resources and the environment. In this regard, material flow management is naturally a unique planning and management method
for implementation of a circular economy, and eco-efficiency is a good indicator to measure circular economic activities.
Of particular significance has been initiation of the legislative process for the Circular Economy Law, which is among a number
of initiatives developing core policies for a circular economy in China. Stringent enforcement of a set of policies for energy
saving and pollution abatement nowadays in China will certainly create an enabling environment for the development of a circular
economy. 相似文献
258.
李淦山 《中国安全科学学报》2007,17(7):72-80
通过对云南省1981—2003年的交通事故统计数据的分析研究,给出了交通事故死亡人数的预测模型。通过与发达国家类似的交通事故历史数据的对比分析,给出以时间和机动车拥有量为自变量、交通事故死亡人数为因变量的简单预测模型,该模型对2004年的交通事故死亡人数的预测是准确的;同时采用该模型预测了云南省交通事故死亡人数的峰值及其年份。结论指出:基于目前的人、车、路和管理水平及发展趋势,云南省的交通事故死亡人数在2013—2018年之间将达到高峰,高峰时的交通事故死亡人数在5528~7369人之间。 相似文献
259.
260.