具双T-DNA区的大麦黄矮病毒复制酶基因RNAi植物表达载体的构建(英文)

RNAi系双链RNA诱导同源mRNA降解,导致特定基因表达沉默的一种现象.RNAi技术是通过基因工程防治植物病毒病的最佳途径.由大麦黄矮病毒(Barely yellow dwarfvirus,简称BYDV)引起的禾谷类黄矮病发病面积和危害程度在我国呈加重趋势.BYDV-GAV是当前流行的大麦黄矮病毒株系,本文针对BYDV-GAV复制酶基因序列,构建能在细胞内转录形成发卡RNA双链结构的表达盒,并将其置于中间载体pVec8-2b的T-DNA区,pVec8-2b的另一T-DNA区含有hpt选择报告基因表达盒.具双T-DNA区的病毒复制酶基因发卡RNA高效表达载体已导入根癌农杆菌,可用于诱导植物RNAi,创制无选择标记基因的抗大麦黄矮病转基因作物.     

Twin–twin transfusion syndrome: mathematical modelling

Twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) represents a pregnancy complication with a high risk for perinatal mortality and postnatal morbidity. Mathematical models have been utilized to examine the mechanisms of disease and potential treatment modalities. We developed four consecutive models based on pathophysiology mechanisms. Conceptually, these models remained simple, but with increased complexity in details. We present our models tutorially with the necessary equations expressed in words. The aetiology of TTTS was related to AV anastomoses from donor to recipient and their growth commensurate with placental growth. We assessed that natural growth of placenta and foetuses causes the diameter and length of the AV, as well as the AV's pressure gradient, to increase proportional to gestational age. The AV transfusion then increases faster than natural foetal growth. A progressively increasing discordance subsequently develops, not compensated for by foetal growth. A simulation is performed to show how this discordance in blood volumetric development causes successive discordances in other functions, particularly renal, circulatory, and cardio-vascular, resulting in disease progression to the various stages of TTTS. In conclusion, mathematical modelling of TTTS has provided an understanding of the sequence of events that leads to the various presentations of TTTS stages as well as the efficacy of therapies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.