PCDD/F mass balance in the flue gas cleaning units of a MSW incineration plant

With the main purpose of evaluating PCDD/F presence and the corresponding mass balance over the emissions control system, an extensive study was performed on a municipal solid waste full scale incinerator equipped with a best available technology flue gas treatment line. Present paper reports the main results obtained, with particular reference to the PCDD/F concentration profiles and mass balances derived for every process unit of the flue gas control system. Total release evaluated for the plant is also outlined compared with data on PCDD/F content of raw waste and with reference values included in most recent guidelines.     

石油化工建设项目环境影响评价中应注意的问题

我国是最早实施环境评价制度的发展中国家之一，建设项目的环境影响评价作为一项法律制度在我国已实施了20多年。根据实际工作经验，总结了在石油化工建设项目的环评工作中应注意的一些问题。     

Novel degradation products of the herbicide oxasulfuron identified by capillary electrophoresis – mass spectrometry

Two new intermediates rising from the photolytic reaction of the sulfonylurea herbicide oxasulfuron have been identified in aqueous environment. The higher concentrations of the two derivatives oxetan-3-yl 2-(formilsulfamoyl) benzoate and N-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl) formamide were reached within 8 h of UV-irradiation. Here we demonstrate that an optimal separation and analysis of such compounds can be achieved by using a novel analytical method based on “non-aqueous” capillary electrophoresis (CE) system joined to an electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry equipment. Using such a separation method and a particular electrophoretic solution a high reproducibility of migration times and peak areas can be obtained.     

气相色谱／质量选择检测器测定死鱼水体中有机污染物

为查明有机污染物的种类,取死鱼水经GDX-501树脂富集后,用气相色谱/质量选择检测器分析。检出水中82种污染物。     

氧化铁粒径对固体推进剂火焰特征参数影响的试验研究

针对5-氨基四氮唑/硝酸锶固体推进剂在实际应用中存在的推进剂火焰偏大、容易在灭火装置喷口处形成外喷火焰的问题,选用了微米氧化铁和纳米氧化铁作为催化剂,分别从火焰形态、质量损失速率、热释放速率、无量纲火焰高度模型几个角度开展研究,对比了两种不同粒径的氧化铁对5-氨基四氮唑/硝酸锶固体推进剂燃烧火焰的优化效果。根据燃烧试验结果,发现不论是富氧燃烧还是贫氧燃烧,在降低推进剂燃烧时的火焰高度方面,微米氧化铁均明显优于纳米氧化铁;在提高质量损失速率方面,微米氧化铁的加速效果也要优于纳米氧化铁。基于传统的液态燃料油池火发展的火焰高度预测模型,将无量纲火焰高度与热释放速率的分析关系应用到固体推进剂燃烧领域,考虑使用无量纲火焰高度的分析方法,对固体推进剂燃烧过程中的火焰高度进行预测,建立了5-氨基四氮唑/硝酸锶固体推进剂的无量纲火焰高度模型,发现不含氧化铁和含有氧化铁的5-氨基四氮唑/硝酸锶固体推进剂燃烧时的火焰高度与热释放速率的n次方成正比,该无量纲拟合可以对固体推进剂火焰高度进行预测。最终,得出了微米氧化铁比纳米氧化铁更适合作为催化剂被用于5-氨基四氮唑/硝酸锶推进剂中,有利于提高固体推进式灭火装置的灭火效果。     

Degradation of diuron by the electro-Fenton process

The degradation of the herbicide diuron has been undertaken by electrochemical advanced oxidation in aqueous solution. This process generates catalytically hydroxyl radicals that are strong oxidizing reagents for the oxidation of organic substances. Hydroxyl radicals degrade diuron in less than 10 min. Kinetic results evidence a pseudo-first-order degradation, with a rate constant of reaction between diuron and hydroxyl radicals of 4.8x10⁹ M^–1 s^–1. Several degradation products were identified by chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The mineralization degree of a 1.7x10^–4 M diuron solution reached 93% at 1,000 coulombs.     

Dual-domain solute transfer and transport processes: evaluation in batch and transport experiments

Soil macropore networks establish a dual-domain transport scenario in which water and solutes are preferentially channeled through soil macropores while slowly diffusing into and out of the bulk soil matrix. The influence of macropore networks on intra-ped solute diffusion and preferential transport in a soil typical of subsurface-drained croplands in the Midwestern United States was studied in batch- and column-scale experiments. In the batch diffusion studies with soil aggregates, the estimated diffusion radius (length) of the soil aggregates corresponded to the half-spacing of the aggregate fissures, suggesting that the intra-ped fissures reduced the diffusion impedance and preferentially allowed solutes to diffuse into the soil matrix. In the column-scale solute transport experiments, the average diffusion radius (estimated from HYDRUS-2D simulations and a first-order diffusive transfer term) was nearly double that of the batch-scale study. This increase may be attributed to a loss of pore continuity and a compounding of the small diffusion impedance through macropores at the larger scale. The column-scale solute transport experiments also suggest that two preferential networks exist in the soil. At and near soil saturation, a primary network of large macropores (possibly root channels and earthworm burrows) dominate advective transport, causing a high degree of physical and sorption nonequilibrium and simultaneous breakthrough of a nonreactive (bromide) and a reactive (alachlor) solute. As the saturation level decreases, the primary network drains, while transport through smaller macropores (possibly intra-ped features) continues, resulting in a reduced degree of nonequilibrium and separation in the breakthrough curves of bromide and alachlor.