厦门地区酸沉降造成的影响及经济损失估算

厦门地区的酸沉降主要为SO₂和酸雨,而酸雨对该地区的农作物?森林乃至生态环境造成较严重危害?综合厦门地区酸沉降造成的经济损失约为每年5292.8万元,占厦门地区年国民生产总值的0.98%,故由酸沉降的影响造成的损失必须引起高度重视。      

菌根及酸沉降对菌根影响的研究进展

综述了国内外关于菌根及酸沉降对菌根影响的研究,结果表明:菌根的形成能大大增强植物对不良环境的抵抗能力;酸沉降能抑制菌根的形成,但形成菌根的植物对酸沉降的耐受力比无菌根植物要强得多。酸沉降对菌根影响在分子水平上的表现受到研究者的关注。      

Bacillus natto TK-2产γ-絮凝活性的研究

对γ-聚谷氨酸的絮凝活性进行了研究,得出了其最佳絮凝条件为:γ-聚谷氨酸投加浓度为10mg/L;絮凝体系的pH为7.0;γ-聚谷氨酸在80℃以下都能保持很高的絮凝活性;添加不同种类的K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Al3+能不同程度地提高γ-聚谷氨酸的絮凝活性,其中添加Ca2+的助凝效果最好,最终选择Ca2+为最佳的助凝离子并确定添加浓度为100mg/L。     

森林降水化学的变化特征和机理

研究并比较了湖南酸雨区韶山小集水区林内降水的化学特征，结果表明，与大气降水相比，穿冠水和地表穿透水中的富集的离子浓度除了NO3^-和Na^ 外均明显增加，到达地表的降水离子增加倍数最高达34．3倍；离子总量最高倍数为8．1倍，乔木树冠层的离子富集作用大于灌木层。韶山的大气降水、穿冠水和地表穿透水的年均pH分别为4．61、5．54和5．85。持续大量的降水对森林上空的污染物有较高的清除效果。     

Inhibition of pancreatic carboxypeptidase A: A possible mechanism of interaction between penicillic acid and ochratoxin A

Abstract

Penicillic acid and ochratoxin A are environmentally important toxic fungal metabolites (mycotoxins) that are synergistic in combination. The effects of penicillic acid on the pancreatic enzyme, :arboxypeptidase A were investigated in vitro and in vivo. A broad range of inhibition in vitro of the enzyme by PA was demonstrated with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration equal to 1.1 x 10^‐4M PA. Inhibition of carboxypeptidase A was time and temperature dependent, and resulted in decreased conversion of parent ochratoxin A to the non‐toxic metabolite, ochratoxin alpha. Studies in vivo demonstrated a penicillic acid‐dependent inhibition of pancreatic carboxypeptidase A activity in the mouse and the chicken following multiple oral exposure. It is postulated that the mode of toxic interaction of the two mycotoxins may be due, in part, to impaired detoxification of ochratoxin A through peni‐cillic acid depletion of carboxypeptidase A activity.     

高含铁废酸液处置工程实例

某煤业有限公司清洗锅炉产生的废液中含有大量的铁离子与H^+,具有腐蚀性危险特性,属于危险废物。本工程实例利用酸碱中和及氧化絮凝沉淀的原理,消除了该废酸液的腐蚀性危险特性,同时降低了废酸液中的铁离子以及废酸液的色度、浊度,为后续的深度治理提供了便利。对高含铁废酸液的治理有一定的借鉴意义。     

不溶性腐殖酸对六价铬离子的吸附研究

研究了不溶性腐殖酸（IHA）对六价铬（Cr（Ⅵ））的吸附作用及反应接触时间、pH、IHA投加量、温度等对吸附作用的影响,确定了最佳反应条件。实验表明,在反应接触时间60min、酸性pH7左右的水溶液条件下,IHA对Cr（Ⅵ）去除率可达98%。绘制了IHA对Cr（Ⅵ）的反应动力学曲线和吸附等温线。     

原子吸收光谱法测定酸雨中K、Na、Ca、Mg方法改进

用0．1％硝酸溶液配制混合标准溶液,不加抗干扰试剂,火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定酸雨中K、Na、Ca、Mg,方法精密度、准确度满足酸雨监测的分析要求。     

Acid Blue 25 adsorption on base treated Shorea dasyphylla sawdust: Kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic and spectroscopic analysis

The potential of base treated Shorea dasyphylla (BTSD) sawdust for Acid Blue 25 (AB 25) adsorption was investigated in a batch adsorption process. Various physiochemical parameters such as pH, stirring rate, dosage, concentration, contact time and temperature were studied. The adsorbent was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis. The optimum conditions for AB 25 adsorption were pH 2, stirring rate 500 r/min, adsorbent dosage 0.10 g and contact time 60 min. The pseudo second-order model showed the best conformity to the kinetic data. The equilibrium adsorption of AB 25 was described by Freundlich and Langmuir, with the latter found to agree well with the isotherm model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of BTSD was 24.39 mg/g at 300 K, estimated from the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy were determined. It was found that AB 25 adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic.     

酸雨的测定及其质量控制

提出选择酸雨项目时，应考虑酸雨成分受地域化学离子影响的因素，阐述了测定酸雨中pH、电导率、阴离子、阳离子及金属成分时容易出现的问题及解决办法。指出了我国在酸雨的测定及其质量控制方法存在的问题。介绍了欧美和日本酸雨测定的质量控制办法，认为根据离子浓度平衡进行的质量控制有着非常重要的意义。