Use of man-made impoundment in mitigating acid mine drainage in the North Branch Potomac River

The US Department of the Army, Baltimore District Corps of Engineers, oversees a long-term monitoring study to assess and evaluate effects of the Jennings-Randolph reservoir on biota in the North Branch Potomac River. The reservoir was intended, in part, to mitigate effects of acid mine drainage originating in upstream and headwater areas. The present study assessed recovery of benthos and fish in this system, six years after completion of the reservoir. Higher pH and lower iron and sulfate concentrations were observed upstream of the reservoir compared to preimpoundment conditions, suggesting better overall water quality in the upper North Branch. Water quality improved slightly directly downstream of the reservoir. However, the reservoir itself was poorly colonized by macrophytes and benthic organisms, and plankton composition suggested either metal toxicity and/or nutrient limitation. One large tributary to the North Branch and the reservoir (Stony River) was shown to have high (and possibly toxic) levels of manganese, iron, zinc, and aluminum due to subsurface coal mine drainage. Macroinvertebrate diversity and number of taxa were higher in sites downstream of the reservoir in the present study. Compared with previous years, the present study suggested relatively rapid recovery in the lower North Branch due to colonization from two major unimpacted tributaries in this system: Savage River and South Branch Potomac. Abundance of certain mayfly species across sites provided the most clear evidence of longitudinal gradients in water quality parameters and geomorphology. Fish data were consistent with macroinvertebrate results, but site-to-site variation in species composition was greater. Data collected between 1982 and 1987 suggested that certain fish species have unsuccessfully attempted to colonize sites directly downstream of the reservoir despite the more neutral pH water there. Our results show that recovery of biota in the North Branch Potomac was attributed to decreased acid inputs from mining operations and dilution from the Savage River, which contributed better water quality. Continued improvement of North Branch Potomac biota may not be expected unless additional mitigation attempts, either within the reservoir or upstream, are undertaken.     

佛山市区酸雨时空分布特征及其成因分析

从致酸源、地理环境、工业状况、气候条件等因素分析了佛山市酸雨的成因，提出一些控制酸雨污染的建议。     

湖南酸雨污染特征

根据湖南省近10多年来城市降水监测资料，了解到湖南酸雨污染严重，且污染冬季重于夏季、市区重于郊区，出现湘中地区严重污染带，其污染是局地源和外来源叠加的结果，并对湖南生态环境，工农业生产和人体健康产生危害。     

煤渣吸附脱除含硫气体的实验研究

煤渣是煤炭燃烧后的残余物 ,由于其含有多种活性组分 ,且结构松散 ,比表面积大 ,是一种具有发展潜力的廉价吸附剂。本文利用重量法测量了在不同温度及压力情况下 ,煤渣对纯 SO2 气体和加入空气后对含硫气体的吸附能力 ;并利用 Freundlich经验式对实验数据进行了回归分析 ,得到了不同温度及压力情况下煤渣对含硫气体吸附能力的预测公式。本文同时还测量了煤渣的动态吸附性能 ,并利用实验数据求出了吸附总传质系数 ,为煤渣吸附脱硫的工业应用提供了实验数据和理论依据。     

重庆地区酸沉降对建筑涂料的影响

本文研究了重庆地区酸性沉降物对建筑外墙涂料的涂膜附着强度、色差及外观的影响;探讨了涂膜附着强度下降率与酸雨雨量之间的相关性;优选出了适合于重庆地区的外墙涂料。     

酸雨,水体酸化及其对水生生物的影响

我国酸雨南重北轻，呈区域分布和硫酸型特征。川、黔、湘、赣、桂和粤等省、区的局部地带酸雨ｐＨ低于４．５，接近国外重酸雨水平。重庆市郊（缙云山、南山）已发现酸化水体和酸敏感水体。酸化对各营养级水生生物的生长繁殖、生物多样性和水体生产力造成危害，破坏水体的生态平衡。如果燃煤的脱硫防尘等环保措施不力，我国酸雨与水体酸化的发展趋势十分严峻。     

降尘和酸雨对土壤蔬菜系统影响的研究

土壤蔬菜系统常受到降尘和酸雨的交替污染。但不同的土壤蔬菜系统对大气降尘的酸雨的反应不同。酸雨和降尘的复合污染比单因子污染的危害更大。本文通过模拟重庆市酸雨和降尘，研究了以上生态环境效应及其产生的原因。     

混合染料化工废水的处理研究

在常温条件下，采用水解酸化-悬浮填料生物反应器-煤渣吸附工艺处理染料生产废水。废水进水CODcr为d740mg/L，BOD5为220mg/L，色度500倍，经处理后，CODcr去除率为80%以上，BOD5去除率为90%以上，色度去除率为90%左右，出水CODcr可达到国家排放标准。     

A/O法在柠檬酸废水处理中的应用

针对当地柠檬酸厂在生产中排放的高浓度有机废水，采用厌氧一好氧法处理工艺，其处理效果明显，最终出水水质符合国家排放标准，CODCr总去除率高达95％，而且运行成本较低，容易在企业中推行。     

浙江西北山区酸雨成因研究

以临安市为例分析了浙江西北山区的酸雨污染现状，并用线性回归分析的灰色关联分析等就其成因作了探索性研究。