上海市嘉定县的酸雨现状

叙述了嘉定县1989～1991年酸雨的发展趋势及现状,并扼要分析了成因。     

黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场果园景观生态建设研究

本文通过对黑岱沟露天煤矿开发所形成新的人工环境条件下的气候和土壤等因子分析，应用景观生态学原理，规划建设了以观赏为主的果园观生态建设。通过对所载植果树和其它乔灌木的观测研究，筛选出了适宜于排土场生长的杏树、苹果梨、１２３苹果、山桃等果树品种，以及油松、旱柳、榆树、沙棘、玫瑰和先辈乔灌木品种，完成了排土场的景观生态建设工作，为矿区大面积土地复垦提供了依据。     

菏泽市城区酸雨成因分析与对策

大气污染带来的危害已明显影响到人民群众的身心健康，菏泽市城区“十五”以来降水监测的酸雨现状表明菏泽市酸雨污染呈逐年加重趋势，指出了菏泽市城区酸雨污染成因和发展趋势，进而提出了改善城市大气环境质量的建议与对策。     

姚桥煤矿矿井水净化处理计算机控制系统设计

姚桥煤矿采用水力循环澄清池和重力式无阀滤池相结合的方法处理矿井水，是一种经济可靠的矿井水净化处理工艺。工程设计了一种实现该处理工艺的计算机控制系统，具有较好的灵活性、较高的可靠性和可维护性。     

桂北锰矿废弃地主要植物种类调查及土壤重金属污染评价

采用样方法和实地勘查法调查了桂北荔浦锰矿区废弃地自然定居和人工种植的植物,并且对8个区的主要植物及其土壤重金属含量进行了分类、测试。并采用污染指数评价法对矿区废弃地土壤重金属的污染程度进行了评价。结果表明,白茅(Imperata cylindrica)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、飞蓬(Erigeron acer)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)、耳草(Hedyotisauricularia)对重金属有较强的耐性,而且能适应废弃地的不良环境,可作为锰矿废弃地生态恢复的先锋植物;用3种不同的背景值对废弃地土壤重金属污染程度的评价结果是一致的,除Pb外,5种重金属元素单项污染指数均大于2,表示被污染,其中以Mn、Zn、Cd污染最为严重。锰矿废弃地人工复垦采用典型的农业恢复模式,以种植果树和经济作物为主,果实中Cr、Cd的含量均超过食品卫生限量标准,因此矿山恢复的早期不宜直接种植果树和食用经济作物。以上研究结果可为锰矿废弃地的生态恢复和植被重建提供科学依据。     

不同改良剂对铜矿尾矿砂的改良效果研究

研究了用蒙脱石、稻草和鸡粪作为改良剂对铜矿尾矿砂有效养分、有效态重金属含量、pH值以及对尾矿砂上黑麦草生长的影响。结果表明 :(1 )蒙脱石可显著提高尾矿砂对铵态氮的保留能力 ;(2 )施肥可降低尾矿砂的pH值 ,施用鸡粪可使尾矿砂pH值下降约 1个单位 ,而添加蒙脱石和稻草对尾矿砂pH值未产生明显影响 ;(3 )添加蒙脱石可使尾矿砂中铜、锌的有效态含量降低 ,而添加稻草和鸡粪则使其有效态重金属含量增高 ;(4 )随改良剂添加量的增加 ,蒙脱石和鸡粪处理组黑麦草吸收铜、锌的量减少而稻草处理组则增加 ;(5 ) 3种改良剂可明显影响尾矿砂上黑麦草的生长状况     

森林降水化学的变化特征和机理

研究并比较了湖南酸雨区韶山小集水区林内降水的化学特征，结果表明，与大气降水相比，穿冠水和地表穿透水中的富集的离子浓度除了NO3^-和Na^ 外均明显增加，到达地表的降水离子增加倍数最高达34．3倍；离子总量最高倍数为8．1倍，乔木树冠层的离子富集作用大于灌木层。韶山的大气降水、穿冠水和地表穿透水的年均pH分别为4．61、5．54和5．85。持续大量的降水对森林上空的污染物有较高的清除效果。     

粉煤灰处理煤矿酸性废水的研究

采用石灰石中和沉淀，粉煤灰吸附处理煤矿酸性废水，取得了良好的效果。用石灰石调节pH至4.5，再用石灰中和至中性，并用粉煤灰吸附，粉煤灰用量为10g／L时处理效果较好。     

Distributions, cycling and recovery of amino acids in estuarine waters and sediments

Acid hydrolysis of estuarine water samples for the determination of amino acids (AAs) was tested and found to be effective at high (250 μM) nitrate concentrations when the anti-oxidant, ascorbic acid, was added to the samples. Hydrolysable AA concentrations were then determined in surface sediments collected from low and high salinity regions of the Tamar Estuary (UK) during winter 2003 and 2004, and in overlying water when simulated resuspension of sediment particles was performed. Concentrations of AAs in sediment samples comprised <50% of particulate nitrogen, fitting the paradigm that most sedimentary nitrogen is preserved within an organic matrix. When sediment samples were resuspended in overlying water (salinity 17.5), the rapid, measured increase in dissolved AA concentrations almost equalled the reported nitrate concentration in the lower estuary, with the subsequent decrease in the total dissolved AA levels suggested that bacterial uptake was occurring. Our data concur with previous studies on nitrogen desorption from sediments and suggest that an understanding of organic nitrogen cycling will be an important aspect of future effective estuarine management.     

The effects of different carbon sources on microbial mediation of arsenic in arsenic-contaminated sediment

Changes in speciation and mobility of As by indigenous bacteria in As-contaminated sediments (339 mg/kg) from an abandoned Au–Ag mine area in Korea were investigated after biostimulation with a variety of carbon sources, including acetate, lactate and glucose in batch experiments. Sequential extraction analysis designed to determine the form of As occurrence revealed that 40 and 47% of As were present in the sediment as Fe-associated and residual fractions, respectively. After 22-day incubation with acetate and lactate, the presence of indigenous bacteria increased the amount of total dissolved As from both Fe-associated and residual fractions in the sediment. More than 99% of dissolved As existed as As(V) in biotic slurries in contrast to sterile controls (less than 50% of total dissolved As), which indicated that indigenous bacteria transformed some dissolved As(III) to As(V). In real environments, depending on the pH, microbially-produced aqueous As(V) may be either immobilized through adsorption or reduced to As(III) after migration to the anoxic subsurface.